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1、Adjacency,Interruption,RepairTheimportanceofclosingoutanadjacencypairisillustratedinMacbethwhenMacbethholdshimselfaccountableforhisinabilitytorespondtoaprayerbyoneofhissleepingservants:Macbeth:Onecried,"Godblessus!"and"Amen"theother,Astheyhadseenmewit
2、hthesehangman'shands.Listeningtheirfear,Icouldnotsay"Amen,"Whentheydidsay,"Godblessus!"LadyMacbeth:Consideritnotsodeeply.Macbeth:And"Amen"Stuckinmythroat.ButwhereforecouldnotIpronounce"Amen"?IhadmostneedofblessingWilliamShakespeare,Macbeth,Act2Scene2M
3、acbethknowsthattheritualclosingfor“Amen”is“Amen”andacknowledgesthatthefactthatitstuckinhisthroatmakeshimaccountableforit.AswellasbeingadjacencypairsbothoftheexchangesintheVictoriaStationextractinvolvepreferredresponsesbytheDriver.Atypicalexampleofapre
4、ferredresponseisaquestionformatwhichissetupforagreement.AlthoughtheDriver’sresponsesarequitedifferent(AisaffirmativeandBisnegative),theyarebothpreferred.Thisisbecauseapreferredresponseisaresponsewhichisinagreementwiththepreviousspeaker.Apreferredrespo
5、nseisthedefaultresponseininteractionbecauseitfollowswhatisconsiderednormalsocialbehaviourandpromotesoneofthemainfunctionsofspeech,thatofmaintainingsocialsolidarity:“Thepreferredresponseistheonewhichfollowstheestablishednorms,issociallyaffiliative,andp
6、romotesreciprocityofperspectives”(Seedhousep.24).Sothetwoaboveexamplesarebothpreferredresponsesbecausethesecondspeaker(thedriver)isinagreementwiththefirst(thecontroller).Byagreeingwiththecontroller,thedriveshowsaffiliationwithhim.Adispreferredresponse
7、isquitetheopposite.Whenwedisagreewithorrefusesomethingorsomebody,wearecarryingoutadisaffiliativeaction,whichgoesagainstsocialnormsandindicatesthatthespeakersdonothavethesameperspective.Adispreferredresponsewillthereforebemarkeddifferentlyfromapreferre
8、done.Animportantcharacteristicofapreferredresponseisthatitisusuallybriefandunhesitating-agreementdoesnottendtorequireexplanationandnonetendstobegiven.Adispreferredresponse,ontheotherhand,isnonaffiliativeandisthereforenoticeableandneedstobejust
