hazards associated with the accelerator随着加速器相关的危险

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1、HAZARDSASSOCIATEDWITHTHEACCELERATORANDLABORATORYAcceleratorlaboratoriesemploymanyelectricalandmechanicaldeviceswhichpresenthazardstotheusersofthefacility.3.1GeneralThissectiondealsmainlywiththe"non-radiation"hazardsassociatedwithaccelerators(withtheexceptionofsection3.2).I

2、nmostcasesthehazardsdiscussedaregenerallypresentinmostresearchlaboratoriesandareresponsibleforthemajorityofaccidents.Forconvenience,thevarioushazardshavebeensub-dividedintothefollowingsections:3.2"DarkCurrents"(electronbackstreaming)3.3ElectricalHazards3.4MechanicalHazards

3、3.5GasesandGashandlingHazards3.6ToxicMaterials3.7FireHazards3.8ChemicalSafetyBulletin3.2DarkCurrents3.2.1Radiationhazardsarediscussedindetailinchapter2ofthismanual.Thefollowinginformationisimportanttorememberwhendealingwitheithersingleortandemtypepotentialdropaccelerators.

4、3.2.2Potential-dropaccelerators,especiallyintheenergyrangeofafewMeV,arecapableofveryhighbeamintensitieswhichcanconstituteaseriousradiationhazard.Thedangerofexposuretotheexternalbeamandthesecondaryradiationthatthebeamgeneratesis,ofcourse,theprincipalhazard.Inaddition,iftheb

5、eampassesthroughair,thereisdangerfromozoneformationandtheproductionofradioactivegases.Iftritiumtargetsareused,thereisapossibilityofleakageandcontaminationofthevacuumsystemandcomponentsassociatedwiththetarget.X-raysmaybeproducedatthetargetendofthemachine,andalsoatthehigh-vo

6、ltageterminalbythe"back-streaming"ofelectrons..BoththeTUNLtandemandTheTUNLTandemKNacceleratorsemploysspecialdesignsintheacceleratortubestosuppresssecondaryelectronbackstreaming-greatlyreducingtheradiationpotential.7/7/21AcceleratorHazards3.263.2.3Whenmachinesareusedatrelat

7、ivelylowintensitiesonlyminimalshieldingmayberequired.Personnelmaybecomecarelessiftheyconsidertheradiationhazardsnegligible.Thisneglectmayleadtoimpropernoticeofchangedconditionsormoreserioushazardsincertainareas.Carelesshabitsmustbeavoided.Allradiation-producingmachinesmust

8、berespectedfortheirmaximumradiationcapabilitiesratherthantheircustomaryoperatingcondition