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1、TheLatheandItsConstruction(原文)FromMechanicalEngineeringEnglishAlatheisamachinetoolusedprimarilyforproducingsurfacesofrevolutionandflatedges.Basedontheirpurpose,construction,numberoftoolsthatcansimultaneouslybemounted,anddegreeofautomation,lathes-or,moreaccurately,lathe-typemachineto
2、olscanbeclassifiedasfollows:(1)Enginelathes(2)Toolroomlathes(3)Turretlathes(4)Verticalturningandboringmills(5)Automaticlathes(6)Special-purposelathesInspiteofthatdiversityoflathe-typemachinetools,theyallhavecommonfeatureswithrespecttoconstructionandprincipleofoperation.Thesefeatures
3、canbestbeillustratedbyconsideringthecommonlyusedrepresentativetype,theenginelathe.Followingisadescriptionofeachofthemainelementsofanenginelathe,whichisshowninFig.11.1.Lathebed.Thelathebedisthemainframe,involvingahorizontalbeamontwoverticalsupports.Itisusuallymadeofgreyornodularcasti
4、rontodampvibrationsandismadebycasting.Ithasguidewaystoallowthecarriagetoslideeasilylengthwise.Theheightofthelathebedshouldbeappropriatetoenablethetechniciantodohisorherjobeasilyandcomfortably.Headstock.Theheadstockisfixedatthelefthandsideofthelathebedandincludesthespindlewhoseaxisis
5、paralleltotheguideways(theslidesurfaceofthebed).Thespindleisdriventhroughthegearbox,whichishousedwithintheheadstock.Thefunctionofthegearboxistoprovideanumberofdifferentspindlespeeds(usually6upto18speeds).Somemodernlatheshaveheadstockswithinfinitelyvariablespindlespeeds,whichemployfr
6、ictional,electrical,orhydraulicdrives.Thespindleisalwayshollow,i.e.,ithasathroughholeextendinglengthwise.Barstockscanbefedthroughthatholeifcontinuousproductionisadopted.Also,thatholehasataperedsurfacetoallowmountingaplainlathecenter.Theoutersurfaceofthespindleisthreadedtoallowmounti
7、ngofachuck,afaceplate,orthelike.Tailstock.Thetailstockassemblyconsistsbasicallyofthreeparts,itslowerbase,anintermediatepart,andthequill.Thelowerbaseisacastingthatcanslideonthelathebedalongtheguideways,andithasaclampingdevicetoenablelockingtheentiretailstockatanydesiredlocation,depen
8、dinguponthelengthof
