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1、TheTraitPerspectiveThetraitperspectivetriestodescribepeopleaccordingtorecognizabletraitsofpersonality.Atraitisaconstructdescribingabasicdimensionofpersonality.·Theyemphasizeindividualdifferencesincharacteristicsthatarestableacrosstimeandsituations.·Theyemphasizethemeasuremen
2、tofthesetraitsthroughtests.oThismaybeobservationsofabehavior,self-reportininterviews,multiplechoiceorforcedchoicetests.oUsingfactoranalysis,statisticianscangroupsimilartraitsandbroadenameasurementtofindmoregeneraltraitsthataffectavarietyofbehaviors.oTheBigFivetheorysuggestst
3、hereare5basicfactorsofpersonality,eachonacontinuum:§Extraversion,agreeableness,neuroticism,conscientiousness,openness.oCattell’s16PFdefines16dimensionsofpersonality.oEysencksuggests3dimensions:extraversion,neuroticism,andpsychoticism.oAhierarchicalmodeloffersmorespecificfact
4、aorsthatcorrespondtoasmallernumberofmoregeneralfactors.Basicallythenumberoffactorsuncovereddependsonhowgeneralorspecificthedimensionsarethatyouarefocusingon.Finallytraitscanbeunderstoodintermsofbiologicalvariationsinneurotransmittersandbrainfunction.Incorporatingthisknowledg
5、einmakinglifedecisions,suchasoccupationalchoice,resultsinpeoplebeingmoresatisfiedwiththeircareers,andmoresuccessful.Usingtestingtoscreenforemployeesisillegal,however,sincetestscanbebiasedifnotfullyvalidatedonsimilarinstruments.GordonAllportPersonologicalTraitTheoryTheoryThis
6、isatheorythatcanbeverifiedthroughtesting,anditiscomprehensiveintermsofapplicability.Allportusedhistheorytoconsidermanyareasofsocialbehavior:prejudice,rumortransmission,andinter-grouprelations.HetaughtthefirstpersonalitycourseintheUS,andwrotethefirsttextbookforit.Hecalledhist
7、heory“personological”toemphasizethedevelopmentoftheperson-aunifiedandconsciouswhole.Thisthemewastakenupbythehumanists20yearslater,duringthe3rdwaveofpsychology.Allportwasthefirstonetousethetermhumanisticpsychology,whichstressestheuniquecapacitiesofhumans,asopposedtoanimals(di
8、stinguishinghistheoryfromthebehaviorists,whousedanimalresearchtoenlightenhu
