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1、ChaptereightIdiomsConcerningLiteratureI.IdiomsconcerningWilliamShakespeareworks威廉·莎士比亚（WilliamShakespeare）是英国文艺复兴时期伟大的戏剧家和诗人，也是世界文坛上最著名的作家之一。他的语言丰富广博，灵活有力，生动优美，有不少晶莹如玉的佳句成为英国语言的精华，经常被人引用。莎士比亚是对英语习语影响最大的文学家。1.Green-eyedmonster绿眼妖魔ThisexpressionwascoinedbyShakespeareinOthello(3:3),whe
2、reIagosays:"O!beware,mylord,ofjealousy;itisthegreen-eyedmonsterwhichdothmockthemeatitfeedson."Itisthoughttoalludetocats,oftengreen-eyed,whoteasetheirprey.Jealousy,asinBellaknewthatherhusbandsometimessuccumbedtothegreen-eyedmonster.这条习语出自莎士比亚剧本《奥赛罗》（Othello）第三幕第三场伊阿古（Iago）的话：（啊，主帅，你要
3、留心嫉妒啊；那是一个绿眼的妖魔，谁做了他的牺牲品，就要受他的玩弄……），现喻指嫉妒别人的人。2.Saladdays指年轻无阅历的时期(最佳时期)。ThephrasewascoinedinShakespeare'sAntonyandCleopatrain1606.InthespeechattheendofActOneinwhichCleopatraisregrettingheryouthfuldallianceswithJuliusCaesarshesays:"...Mysaladdays,/WhenIwasgreeninjudgment,coldinblood
4、..."来自莎翁的《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》(AnthonyandCleopatra)中埃及艳后克莉奥佩特拉的话"Saladdays"isanidiomaticexpression,referringtoayouthfultime,accompaniedbytheinexperience,enthusiasm,idealism,innocence,orindiscretionthatoneassociateswithayoungperson.Moremodernuse,especiallyintheUnitedStates,referstoaperson'she
5、ydaywhensomebodywasatthepeakofhis/herabilities—notnecessarilyinthatperson'syouth.Thephrasebecamepopularonlyfromthemiddleofthe19thcentury,comingtomean“aperiodofyouthfulinexperienceorindiscretion."ThemetaphorcomesfromCleopatra'suseoftheword'green'—presumablymeaningsomeoneyouthful,inex
6、perienced,orimmature3.ACleopatra指绝代佳人，亦出自莎士比亚戏剧《安东尼和克里奥佩特拉》中埃及艳后克莉奥佩特拉。4.Afool’sparadise南柯一梦出自《罗密欧与朱丽叶》(RomeoandJuliet)，ShakespeareuseditinRomeoandJuliet,1592.小说中乳媪说“…butfirstletmetellyou,ifyoushouldleadherintoafool’sparadise,astheysay,itwereaverygrosskindofbehaviour,astheysay…”Mean
7、ing:Astateofhappinessbasedonfalsehope.5.Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet名称有什么关系呢？玫瑰不叫玫瑰，依然芳香如故。出自《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，朱丽叶讨论罗密欧时说“…What’sinaname？thatwhichwecallarose.Byanyothernamewouldsmellassweet;SoRomeowould,werwhenotRomeocalled，retainthatdearperfectionwhichheowes…”"Arosebyanyothernamewo
8、uldsmellassweet"isa
