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1、Appearedin:Proceedingsofthe4thPrivacyEnhancementTechnologyWorkshop(PET2004),Toronto,CANADA,May2004.OnFlowCorrelationAttacksandCountermeasuresinMixNetworks?YeZhu*,XinwenFu,BryanGraham*,RiccardoBettatiandWeiZhaoDepartmentofComputerScienceTexasA&MUniversityCollegeStationTX77843-3112,USAE-ma
2、il:*{zhuye,bgraham}@tamu.edu,{xinwenfu,bettati,zhao}@cs.tamu.eduAbstract.Inthispaper,weaddressissuesrelatedtoflowcorrelationattacksandthecorrespondingcountermeasuresinmixnetworks.Mixeshavebeenusedinmanyanonymouscommunicationsystemsandaresupposedtoprovidecounter-measuresthatcandefeatvariou
3、strafficanalysisattacks.Inthispaper,wefocusonaparticularclassoftrafficanalysisattack,flowcorrelationattacks,bywhichanadversaryattemptstoanalyzethenetworktrafficandcorrelatethetrafficofaflowoveraninputlinkatamixwiththatoveranoutputlinkofthesamemix.Twoclassesofcorrelationmethodsareconsidered,nam
4、elytime-domainmethodsandfrequency-domainmethods.Basedonourthreatmodelandknownstrategiesinexistingmixnetworks,weperformextensiveexperimentstoanalyzetheper-formanceofmixes.Wefindthatamixwithanyknownbatchingstrategymayfailagainstflowcorrelationattacksinthesensethatforagivenflowoveraninputlink,
5、theadversarycancorrectlydeterminewhichoutputlinkisusedbythesameflow.Wealsoinvestigatedmethodsthatcaneffectivelycountertheflowcorrelationattackandothertimingattacks.TheempiricalresultsprovidedinthispapergiveanindicationtodesignersofMixnetworksaboutappropriateconfigurationsandalternativemecha
6、nismstobeusedtocounterflowcorrelationattacks.1IntroductionThispaperstudiesflowcorrelationattacksandthecorrespondingcountermeasuresinmixnetworks.WiththerapidgrowthandpublicacceptanceoftheInternetasameansofcommunicationandinformationdissemination,concernsaboutprivacyandsecurityontheInterneth
7、avegrown.Althoughitcanpotentiallybeusedformaliciouspurposes,Anonymityislegitimateinmanyscenariossuchasanonymouswebbrowsing,E-Voting,?ThisworkwassupportedinpartbytheNationalScienceFoundationunderContracts0081761and0324988,bytheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyunderCont
