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1、1Self-OrganizationandthePhysicsofGlassyNetworks1234P.Boolchand,G.Lucovsky,J.C.Phillips,andM.F.Thorpe1.DepartmentofECECS,UniversityofCincinnati,Cincinnati,OH,45221-00302.DepartmentofPhysics,NorthCarolinaStateUniversity,Raleigh,NC,27695-82023.Dept.ofPhysicsandAstronomy,RutgersUniversity,Piscataway,N
2、J,08854-80194.Dept.ofPhysicsandAstronomy,ArizonaStateUniversity,Tempe,AZ.,85287-1504ABSTRACTNetworkglassesarethephysicalprototypeformanyself-organizedsystems,rangingfromproteinstocomputerscience.Conventionaltheoriesofgases,liquids,andcrystalsdonotaccountforthestronglymaterial-selectivecharacteroft
3、heglass-formingtendency,thephasediagramsofglasses,ortheiroptimizableproperties.Anewtopologicaltheory,only25yearsold,hassucceededwhereconventionaltheorieshavefailed.Itshowsthat(probablyallslowlyquenched)glasses,includingnetworkglasses,aretheresultofthecombinedeffectsofafewsimplemechanisms.Theseglas
4、s-formingmechanismsaretopologicalinnature,andhavealreadybeenidentifiedforseveralimportantglasses,includingchalcogenidealloys,silicates(windowglass,computerchips),andproteins.“SomefourthousandyearsagomandiscoveredglassintheembersofafirebuiltsomewhereinthedesertsoftheNearEast.Afewyearsfromnowultratr
5、ansparentglassfiberswillbetransmitting[much,much,much!]moreinformationthancopperwires”[1].Asforeseen25yearsago,theInternethasindeedrevolutionizedourworld.Inthisarticlecertainphraseswillappearin{}s:theinteractivereaderwillfindbackgroundonthequotedtopicswithhisInternetBrowser.Whatwasunforeseeable25y
6、earsagowasthediscoveryofanimportantnewclassofelectronicglasses,dopedcuprates,exhibitingnotonlyhightemperaturesuperconductivity(~100K),butalso“strangemetal”transportanomaliesrightuptotheannealingtemperature(700K)–asuresignofelectronicglassyarrest.Theoryhasidentifiedtwonewtopologicalphasetransitions
7、innetworkglasses,2andanewtopologicalphasecharacterizedbyselforganization;itappearsthatthisnewphaseisalsoresponsibleforhightemperaturesuperconductivityinthecuprates.Finally,thereisanexcitingnewbridgebetweenphysics
