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1、AbstractAbstractAsspaceinformationsystemoffersstrongsupporttomilitaryactivitiesandrescuemissionsnow,satellitetechnologyhasplayedanindispensableroleinquickresponsetoemergencies.However,howtoreducecostandimproveresponseability,isoneofthefocusesofthetechnologyofoperationallyresponsivespace.Withth
2、atasthebackground,thisthesisperformstheresearchonthetechnologiesofsmallellipticorbitdesignforgroundemergencyobservationandtheresearchonanalyticalalgorithmaswellasoptimizationalgorithmforgroundtrackmanipulationunderJ2itemperturbationwithinalimitedtime.Themaincontentsasfollows:Firstly,sinceonlya
3、fewdaysofpreciseobservationsareneededforemergencyrelieftasks,thedesignschemeofthesmallellipticorbitinwhichasatellitemakeEarthobservationneartheperigeejustforashorttimeispresentedandthedesignmethodisdeduced.Considerationisgivenbothtoreduceatmosphericdampingandtoimprovetheresolutionofgroundobjec
4、tsintheschemecomparedtothatofalowcircleorbit.Asmallellipticrepeatingorbitisdesignedduetotherequirementofrevisitrate.Focusingongroundresolutionconstraintsofellipticalorbit,alinkbetweengroundresolutionandperigeeisestablished.Thenthecriteriaofgroundobservationisdeducedwiththehelpoftheruleofapsida
5、lmotion,andsoisthedesignmethodofcontrolsparameter.Thisthesissummarizesthecalculatingmethodofilluminationintensityforarbitrarypointontheground,andthecalculatingmethodsoftwocriticalmomentofthespecifiedilluminationintensityofthesamedayisdeducedinturn,forthattheinstantlightintensitycan’tbedetermin
6、edbylocaltimeofdescendingnode.Secondly,afterbuildingthemodelofsatellitegroundtrace,analgorithmforcontrolparametersoforbitmaneuveroptimizationisdesigned,theresultsofwhichpreciselyadjustgroundtrack.Asitisoflowcomputingefficiencyforsearchingpointbypoint,amodelofterminalcruisingphaseisestablishedc
7、onsideringthetheoryofmeanorbit,andfurthermore,amodifiednumericalalgorithmundersinglepulseisdesigned,whichoffershighercomputationspeed.Accordingtothecharacteristicsofmultiplelocalminimumpointsintheoptimizationmodelundermultiple-pulse,abi