4. Trade in Intermediate Inputs and Wages.pdf

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1、Feenstra,AdvancedInternationalTradeChapter4:TradeinIntermediateInputsandWagesSincetheearly1980stherehasbeenamarkedchangeinthepatternofwagepaymentsintheUnitedStates:thewageofskilledrelativetounskilledworkersexperiencedasustainedincrease,thatcontinuedthroughthe1990s.Asimilarpatternwasobserve

2、dinothercountries.Thisledtoagreatdealofresearchonthepossiblecausesofthechangeinrelativewages.1Fromthematerialwehavealreadycovered,wecanidentifythreemethodstodeterminewhetherthechangeinrelativewagesisduetointernationaltrade.First,wecouldestimateaGDPorcostfunctionfortheU.S.economy,orforspeci

3、ficindustries,andcomputetheStolper-Samuelsoneffectofachangeintradedgoodsprices.Wewilldiscussthisapproachatseveralpointsthroughoutthechapter.Second,wecouldproceedasintheHeckscher-Ohlin-Vanek(HOV)modelandcomputethechangeinthefactorcontentoftradeandassociatedchangesinfactorprices.Theoreticall

4、y,thissecondapproachisjustifiedbyDeardorffandStaiger(1988),whoshowthat:2121(w-w)(F-F)³0,(4.1)iiwherewareequilibriumwagesinacountryintwoequilibriai=1,2,andFisthefactor-contentofexportsforthatcountry.Equation(4.1)isinterpretedassayingthatahighercontentof2121importsforsomefactork,Fk

5、-Fk)<0,willtendtobeassociatedwithafalling21wageforthatfactor,(wk-wk)<0.Thesamewouldbetrueforthedirectimportofafactor,aswithimmigration.AmongthemostcarefulassessmentoftheseeffectsfortheUnitedStates,1SeethesurveysbyFeenstra(1998),Freeman(1995),JohnsonandStafford(1999),KatzandAutor(1999),Rich

6、ardson(1995)andWood(1995),andthevolumesbyBhagwatiandKosters(1994),ChengandKierzkowski(2001),Collins(1998)andFeenstra(2000).ThischapterdrawsuponFeenstraandHanson(2003).4-2Feenstra,AdvancedInternationalTradeBorjas,FreemanandKatz(1997,p.62)findthatimmigrationintotheU.S.during1980-1995accounts

7、foraboutone-quartertoone-halfofthedeclineintherelativewagesofhigh-schooldropouts.Theincreasingfactorcontentofimportsfromless-developedcountriesalsohassomeeffectonreducingthewagesofhigh-schooldropouts,butbylessthanimmigration.Bothchannelshaveonlyasmallimpactont