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1、Zdravkovic,L.&Carter,J.(2008).Ge´otechnique58,No.5,405412[doi:10.1680/geot.2008.58.5.405]ContributionstoGe´otechnique19482008:ConstitutiveandnumericalmodellingL.ZDRAVKOVIC*andJ.CARTERAreviewofthefirst60yearsofGe´otechniquepublica-Unexamendes60premie`resanne´esdepublicationsdetio
2、nsshowsclearlyhowthesubjectofsoilmechanicshasGe´otechniquede´montreclairementl’e´volutionsuivieparevolved.Intermsofconstitutiveandnumericalmodellingladisciplinedelame´caniquedessols.Encequiconcerneofsoil,earlyformsofnumericalanalysisinvolvedhandlamode´lisationconstitutiveetnume
3、´riquedessols,lescalculationsofultimatestatesapplyingclassicalmethodspremie`resformesd’analysenume´riquecomportaientdesofanalysis:limitequilibrium,limitanalysisorstressfieldcalculsmanuelsd’e´tatslimitesavecl’applicationdesolutions.Consequently,thesoilwasconsideredtobehaveme´thod
4、esd’analyseclassiques:e´quilibrelimite,analyseasarigidplasticmaterial,andtofollowoneofthetwolimiteousolutionssurplacepourlescontraintes.C’estbasicfailurelawsofclassicalsoilmechanics,namelytheainsiquel’onestimaitquelesolsecomportaitcommeTrescaorMohr–Coulombfailurecriteria.Forass
5、essingunematie`replastiquerigideensuivantunedesdeuxloisthedeformationofstructures,soilwasnormallyconsid-debasesurlarupturedelame´caniquedessolsclassique,eredtobelinearelastic.Thefoundationsofmoderna`savoirlescrite`resderupturedeTrescaoudeMohr–numericalanalysisandconstitutivemod
6、ellingwerelaidCoulomb.Pourl’e´valuationdelade´formationdesstruc-intheearlytomid1960s,withthedevelopmentofthetures,lesole´taitnormalementconside´re´commee´tantfiniteelementmethodandthepostulationofthecriticale´lastiqueline´aire.C’estverslede´butoulamoitie´desstateframeworkofsoilb
7、ehaviourrespectively.Clearly,anne´essoixantequel’onposalesfondationsdel’analysethecontinuousadvancementofcomputerpowerhasbeennume´riqueetdelamode´lisationconstitutivemodernes,essentialinapplyingnewdevelopmentstomoderngeo-aveclede´veloppementdelame´thodeauxe´le´mentsfinistechnica
8、lanalysis.Thispaperreviewssomeofthemainetlapostulation
