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1、GRIP–GridswithIntelligentPeriphery:ControlArchitecturesforGrid2050D.Bakken,A.Bose,K.M.Chandy,P.P.Khargonekar,A.Kuh,S.LowA.vonMeier,K.Poolla,P.P.Varaiya,F.WuCorrespondingAuthor.ElectricalEngineering&ComputerSciences,UnivofCalifornia,Berkeley,varaiya@eecs.berkeley.ed
2、uAbstract—Adistributedcontrolandcoordinationarchi-II.DRIVINGTRENDStectureforintegratinginherentlyvariableanduncertaingenerationispresented.ThekeyideaistodistributetheEvolutionoftheelectricgridinthecomingdecadeswillintelligenceintotheperipheryofthegrid.Thiswillallowbes
3、hapedbyanumberofinteractingforces.Webrieflycoordinationofgeneration,storage,andadjustabledemanddiscussthesebelowanddrawsomeconclusionsontheonthedistributionsideofthesystemandthusreducethelikelyoutcomes.Werecognizethatpredictionsoftheneedtobuildnewtransmissionfacilities
4、toaccommodatelargeamountsofrenewablegeneration.futurearesubjecttomanysourcesoferror.Still,thereisIndexTerms—Distributedgeneration,renewableintegra-valueinsketchinglikelyfuturescenariosindesigningtion,controlarchitecture.andjudgingengineeringsolutions.Incaseofenergysys
5、tems,changetakesyearsanddecades.TheselectionofasystemarchitectureisparticularlyimportantsinceI.INTRODUCTIONitsimultaneouslylimitsfutureevolutionandenablesClimatechangeiswidelybelievedtobeoneofthemostinnovationsthatcannotbeforeseentoday.pressingproblemsfacinghumanity.A
6、saresult,thereisA.RisingDemandgreatinterestinthedeploymentofrenewablesourcesofelectricitytoreducecarbonemissionsfromtheuseDemandforelectricityhasincreasedinthepastdecadesoffossilfuels[coal,oil,naturalgas]forelectricitypro-witheconomicgrowth,industrialdevelopment,andpo
7、p-duction.Theinherentvariabilityandunpredictabilityofulationgrowthplayingcriticalroles.Thisgrowthwillwindandsolarpowerproductionposesamajorchallengecontinuealthoughfactorssuchasgreaterrolefortheser-totheintegrationofthesesourcesintotheelectricgridvicesector,energyeffic
8、iencytechnologies,andmodera-operations.Theprincipalpurposeofthispaperistooffertioninpopulationgrowtharelikelytoreducetherate
