mit-science-lectures-wortstellung

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1、21F.404DeutschIV1GermanWordOrder:FormandMeaningMainClauses-overallstructureofGermanassertionsThestructureofthefollowingsentenceexemplifiesthestructureofallassertionsinGerman.(AllsamplesentencesinthishandoutarebasedonthedramaBesuchderaltenDamebyDürrenmatt.)HeutekommtKlärinachsovielenJa

2、hrenzurück.Thisstructurecanberepresentedgrammaticallybythefollowingschematicdiagram:FrontFieldSentenceFieldEndFieldInflectedInnerVerbVerbFieldComplementHeutekommtKlärinachsovielenJahrenzurück.DieLeutesindjetztarmhierinGüllen.ThemeTransitionRhemeThemeaningbehindthisstructureisapragmati

3、cone.Roughlyspeaking,aGermansentencestartswiththetheme,elementsthatyouaslisteneralreadyknow,thathavebeenalreadyidentifiedinthetextorsituation.Thesentencethengivesdetailsthatyoudon'talreadyknowornewinformation,therheme.Inthesamplesentencesabovethemainnewsorrhemeisexpressedbytheverbalco

4、mplement:thefactofKläri'sreturn(=zurück),thepovertyoftheGülleners(=arm).Whatconstitutestheheartoftheassertion(=rheme)dependsontheintentionsofthespeaker,indicatedbyintonationandwordorderwithintheinnerfield.Theactualpartitionofthesentencethusvarieswiththeintentionsofthespeaker.Themeandr

5、hemecombinedformtheTopicoftheassertion.TheFrontField1.Themainfunctionofthefrontfieldistoestablishthethemeofthesentence,thatis,thespatial,temporalorpersonalframewithinwhichtheassertionholds("Speakingof...").Thus,ifsomeonetellsyou:DieGüllenererwartenvielGeldvonderMilliardärin.youmightre

6、ply:EineMilliardärinwillabermeistensetwasfürihrGeld.Thereplywouldmean:"Speakingofmillionairesses,thefactis,thattheyusuallywantsomethinginreturnfortheirmoney".Ifyoureplied:FürihrGeldwillabereineMilliardärinmeistensetwasBestimmtes.thereplywouldmean:"Speakingofthegenerosityofmillionaires

7、ses,Icantellyouthattheyusuallywantsomethinginreturn."21F.404DeutschIV2Andifyoureplied:MeistenswillabereineMilliardärinetwasfürihrGeld.themeaningwouldbe:"Speakingintermsofstatistics,Icantellyouthatusually,amillionairesswantssomethinginreturnforhermoney."InGerman,itistheTHEMEthatsetsthe

8、toneo