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ID:34128893
大小:65.96 KB
页数:29页
时间:2019-03-03
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1、四:Theloopedgeometryisalsofavoredfromthewaterqualityaspect,asitwouldreducethewaterage.Thepipesizesanddistributionsystemlayoutsareimportantfactorsforminimizingthewaterage.Duetothemultidirectionalflowpatternsandalsovariationsinreducedwaterage.Theadvantagesanddiadvantagesofloopedwaterdistri
2、butionsystemsaregiveninTable4.1.Advantages:Minimizelossofservices,asmainbreakscanbeisolatedduetomultidirectionalflowtodemandpoints.Reliabilityforfireprotectionishigherduetoredundancyinthesystem.Likelytomeetincreaseindemand-highercapacityandlowervelocities.Betterresidualchlorineduetoinli
3、nemixingandfewerdeadendsReducedwaterage.Diadvantages:HighercapitalcostHigheroperationalandmaintenancecostSkilledoperationIthasbeendescribedintheliteraturethattheloopedwaterdistributionsystem,designedwithleast-costconsiderationonly,areconvertedintoatree-likestructureresultinginthedisappe
4、aranceoftheoriginalgeometryinthefinaldesign.Loopsareprovidedforsystemreliability.Thus,adesignbasedonleast-costconsiderationsonlydefeatsthebasicpurposeofloopsprovisioninthenetwork.Amethodforthedesignofaloopedwaterdistributionsystemisdescribed.Thismethodmaintainstheloopconfigurationofthen
5、etworkbybringingallthepipesofthenetworkintheoptimizationproblemformulation,althoughitisalsobasedonleast-costconsiderationonly.五:WastewaterCollectionandSewerageSystemDesignWastewatermaybeclassifiedintothefollowingcomponents:Domesticorsanitarywastewater.Wastewaterdischargedfromresidences,
6、commercial,andinstitutionalfacilities.Industrialwastewater.Wastewaterdischargedfromindustries.Infiltrationandinflow.Waterthatentersthesewersystemfromgroundwaterinfiltration,stormwaterthatentersfromroofdrains,foundationdrains,andsubmergedmanholes.Stormwater.Runofffromrainfallandsnowmelt.
7、Waterconsumptionandwastewaterproductionchangewiththeseasons,thedaysoftheweek,andthehoursoftheday.Industrialwastewatercanposeserioushazardstomunicipalsystembecausethecollectionandtreatmentsystemshavenotbeendesignedtocarryortreatthem.Thewastescandamagesewersandinterferewiththeope
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