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1、简明英语语法教程第一单元名词名词（Noun)专有名词LondonMarytheUnitedNations普通名词个体名词table,computer,gun集体名词family,committee物质名词rain,fire,air抽象名词youth,success,beauty可数名词和不可数名词个体名词和集体名词一般都是可数的，如：twocomputersahappyfamily,twofootballteams.抽象名词和物质名词一般都是不可数的，如Translationisanart.翻译是一种艺术。Lig
2、httravelsfasterthansound.光比声的速度快。可数与不可数名词间的转化Thetreesarenowinflower.There’snoschooltomorrow.LongJingisawell-knowntea.Twocoffees,please.Wemetwithmanydifficulties.He’shadmanyoddexperiences.不可数的物质名词和抽象名词转化为可数名词可数的个体名词转化为不可数的物质名词不可数名词“一件”、“一个”的表达法apieceofnews(wor
3、k,information,furniture)abarofchocolate,ablockofice,aburstofapplause（一阵掌声）afitofanger(一顿脾气）,aloafofbread,aslipofpaper,a(large)sumofmoney.补充：名词的规则复数形式一般情况加s，如desks,books,girls,以s,x,sh,ch收尾的词，加es,如glasses,roses,brushes,churches以f或fe结尾的词，则一般变为ves,如:wife(wives),b
4、ookshelf(bookshelves),wolf(wolves),thief(thieves)以辅音+y结尾的词，则变y为i，再加es,如party(parties),city(cities)family(families),university(universities)名词的规则复数形式以辅音+o结尾的，一般加es,如hero(heroes),potato(potatoes),tomato(tomatoes),echo(echoes),但有一些外来词只加s，如piano(pianos),radio(rad
5、ios),photo(photos),studio(studios).有关字母，数字，缩写词以及引语的复数形式详见书本（略）名词的不规则复数形式变内部元音：foot-feet,man-men,mouse-mice,tooth-teeth,woman-women,goose-geese,ox-oxen,child-children.单复数同形：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,means,series,等某些外来词的特殊的变化:curriculum(curricula)课程，bact
6、erium(bacteria)细菌，medium(media)媒体，crisis(crises)危机，basis(bases)基础复合名词的复数形式主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,son(s)-in-law,commander(s)-in-chief,editor(s)-in-chief等最末一个构成部分变为复数形式：film-goer(s),go-between(s),good-for-nothing(s),forget-me-not(s)勿忘我两个构成部分都变为复数：ma
7、n-doctor(men-doctors),mancook(mencooks),man-writer(men-writers),woman-doctor(women-doctors)womancook(womencooks),womanwriter(womenwriters).复数的一些习惯用法只以复数形式出现的词：trousers,jeans,scissors,glasses,等往往和“apairof”连用。以s结尾的名词但非复数：mathematics,economics,physicspolitics(政治
8、）,news,gymnasticsaten-poundnote,two14-year-oldgirls,afour-weekholidayasix-minutewalk,five-foottall(五英尺高）Threeyearsisalongtimetobewithoutajob.Sixmilesistoofarformetowalk.I’mgoingtotakeatax
