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1、CreationoftheComputer3AfterthesuccessofUNIVAC,variouscompaniesbegantoseeafutureincomputerdevelopment.NewcompanieslikeBurrow,aswellasoldgiantslikeGeneralElectric,jumpedintothecomputerbusiness.ButmostlargeAmericanbusinessesweredependentonthedataprocesssystemsprovidedbyonecompany,theofficemac
2、hinemonolith,IBM.IBMhadnocomputers.IBM'sagingleader,thelegendarysaleguru,ThomasWatsonSr.,wasnoteagertojumpintotheenormouslycostlydevelopmentofcomputers.Computersbackthen,containedthousandsofvacuumtubes,occupiedoneormorelargerooms,andrequiredasmallarmyofattendantstorun.IBMandmostotherpeople
3、didn'tseehowcomputerscouldbeusedinbusiness.IttookWatson'sson,TomWatsonJr.toleadIBMintothecomputerage.AsWatsonhimselfrecalled,themovewasspurredbyIBM'scustomerswhowerefedupwithbulkingpunchcards.Irememberparticularly,JimMadden,theVice-PresidentofMetropolitanlife,whosaidwe'regoingtocancelourIB
4、MjusttheminutewelearntodothisintapebecausethreefloorsofMetropolitanLifebuildingareusedtostorethecardsofourcustomer'saccountsandifwekeepgoingthewaywewill,theyoccupiedthewholebuilding.Wewerethreatenedintothisprogress.Facedwiththeprospectoflosingcustomers,TomWatsonJr.orderedthedevelopmentofac
5、omputer.IBM'sfamoussalesforcetoldtheircustomersacomputerwouldarrivesoon,infact,itwasstillbeingplanned.Finally,in1953,IBMunveiledthe701.AlthoughtechnologicallyinferiortotheUNIVAC,the701andotherearlyIBMcomputerswerehitswiththecustomersbecausetheconformedtostandardIBMsystemsandsupport.IBMsawt
6、hefuture,anditwascomputers.Theyredirectedcorporateeffortstocomputerdevelopment.IBM'seffortspaidoff,andbythebeginningof1960s,thecompany'slargemainframecomputers,dominatedthebusiness.Butthedevelopmentofthecomputerwasabouttogoinanaltogetherdifferentdirection.Wechoosetogotothemooninthisdecadea
7、nddotheothersthingsnotbecausetheyareeasy,butbecausetheyarehard.In1961,AmericawastrailingRussiaintheraceforspace.1961,ayearofachievementsforSovietscientistsintheraceforspace.YuriGagarin,hasbecomethefirsthumantoorbittheearth.AndcrowdsinMoscow'sRedSquaresalutethe
