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1、BeliefinControl:RegulationofReligioninChina*PitmanB.PotterABSTRACTThisarticleexaminestheregulationofreligioninChina,inthecontextofchangingsocialexpectationsandresultingdilemmasofregimelegitimacy.Thepost-Maogovernmenthaspermittedlimitedfreedomofreligiousbelief,subjecttoleg
2、alandregulatoryrestrictionsonreligiousbehaviour.However,thisdistinctionbetweenbeliefandbehaviourposeschallengesfortheregimeseffortstomaintainpoliticalcontrolwhilepreservinganimageoftoleranceaimedatbuildinglegitimacy.Byexaminingtheregulationofreligioninthecontextofpatterns
3、ofcomplianceandresistanceinreligiousconduct,thearticleattemptstoexplainhoweffortstocontrolreligionraisechallengesforregimelegitimacy.TherelationshipbetweenreligionandstatepowerinChinahaslongbeencontested.Dynasticrelationswithreligiousorganizationsanddoctrineincludedattemp
4、tstocapturelegitimacythroughsponsorshipofritual,whilefolkreligionscontinuedtothriveinlocalsocietydespiteongoing1attemptsatofficialcontrol.Inaddition,religionwasasignificantsourceofresistancetoimperialrule,oftenintheformofsecretsocieties2attemptingtoremainalooffromofficialcon
5、trol,aswellasthrough3peasantuprisingsinspiredbyreligiousdevotion.DuringtheMaoistperiod,programmesofsocialisttransformationchallengedthesocialbasesfortraditionalChinesefolkreligions,whilepoliciesofpoliticalmonopolyattackedthoselimitedexamplesoforganizedreligionthat4couldbe
6、identifiedandtargeted.Inpost-MaoChina,theregimeadoptedasomewhatmoretolerant5perspectiveonreligion.Asacomponentofanewapproachtobuilding*TheresearchforthisarticlewasmadepossiblebyastrategicgrantonGlobalizationandSocialCohesioninAsiafromtheSocialSciencesandHumanitiesResearchC
7、ouncilofCanada(SSHRC),forwhichIamgrateful.IwouldlikealsotothankMeeraBawa,agraduatestudentandlawstudentatUBCforherresearchassistance.1.SeegenerallyStephenFeuchtwang,School-templeandcitygod,inArthurP.Wolf(ed.),StudiesinChineseSociety(Stanford:StanfordUniversityPress,1978),p
8、p.103130;C.K.Yang,ReligioninChineseSociety(Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1961).2.Seee.g.D
