[lisp相关文档].tutorial.on.good.lisp.programming.style

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1、LispUsersandVendorsConferenceAugust10,1993TutorialonGoodLispProgrammingStylePeterNorvigSunMicrosystemsLabsInc.KentPitmanHarlequin,Inc.cPortionscopyright1992,1993PeterNorvig.cPortionscopyright1992,1993KentM.Pitman.AllRightsReserved.1Outline1.WhatisGoodStyle?2.TipsonBuilt-InFunctionality3.Tipso

2、nNear-StandardTools4.KindsofAbstraction5.ProgrammingintheLarge6.Miscellaneous21.WhatisGoodStyle?GoodLispProgrammingStyleEleganceisnotoptional."{RichardA.O'KeefeGoodstyle(inanylanguage)leadstoprogramsthatare:UnderstandableReusableExtensibleEcientEasytodevelop/debugItalsohelpscorrectness

3、,robustness,compatibilityOurmaximsofgoodstyleare:BeexplicitBespecicBeconciseBeconsistentBehelpful(anticipatethereader'sneeds)Beconventional(don'tbeobscure)BuildabstractionsatausablelevelAllowtoolstointeract(referentialtransparency)Goodstyleistheunderware"thatsupportsaprogram31.1.Whe

4、redoesgoodstylecomefrom?WhatToBelieveDon'tbelieveeverythingwetellyou.(Justmost.)Worrylessaboutwhattobelieveandmoreaboutwhy.KnowwhereyourStyleRules"comefrom:Religion,Goodvs.EvilThiswayisbetter."PhilosophyThisisconsistentwithotherthings."Robustness,Liability,Safety,EthicsI'llputinredunda

5、ntcheckstoavoidsomethinghorrible."LegalityOurlawyerssaydoitthisway."Personality,OpinionIlikeitthisway."CompatibilityAnothertoolexpectsthisway."PortabilityOthercompilerspreferthisway."Cooperation,ConventionIthastobedonesomeuniformway,soweagreedonthisone."Habit,TraditionWe'vealwaysd

6、oneitthisway."AbilityMyprogrammersaren'tsophisticatedenough."MemoryKnowinghowIwoulddoitmeansIdon'thavetorememberhowIdiddoit."SuperstitionI'mscaredtodoitdierently."PracticalityThismakesotherthingseasier."41.1.Wheredoesgoodstylecomefrom?It'sAllAboutCommunicationExpression+Understanding

7、=CommunicationProgramscommunicatewith:HumanreadersCompilersTexteditors(arglist,docstring,indent)Tools(trace,step,apropos,xref,manual)Usersoftheprogram(indirectcommunication)51.1.Wheredoesgoodstylecomefrom?KnowtheContextWhenreadingcode:K