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1、ContinuousClockSynchronizationinWirelessReal-TimeApplicationsMichaelMockReinerFringsGMD-GermanNationalResearchGMD-GermanNationalResearchCenterforInformationTechnologyCenterforInformationTechnologyD-53754St.AugustinD-53754St.Augustinmock@gmd.defrings@gmd.d

2、eEdgarNettSpiroTrikaliotisUniversityofMagdeburgUniversityofMagdeburgInstituteforDistributedSystemsInstituteforDistributedSystemsUniversitätsplatz2Universitätsplatz2D-39106MagdeburgD-39106Magdeburgnett@ivs.cs.uni-magdeburg.despiro@ivs.cs.uni-magdeburg.deAb

3、stract1.IntroductionContinuousclocksynchronizationavoidsunpredict-Supportingcloselycoupled,distributedreal-timeap-ableinstantaneouscorrectionsofclockvalues.Thisisplicationsisanewchallengeforthedesignofwirelessusuallyachievedbyspreadingtheclockcorrectionov

4、ercommunicationprotocols.Exampleapplicationsarefoundthesynchronizationinterval.Inthecontextofwirelessintheareaofcooperatingmobileautonomoussystemsreal-timeapplications,aprotocolachievingcontinuousthatactunderreal-timeconstraintsimposedbytheirlo-clocksynch

5、ronizationmusttoleratemessagelossesandcomotion,e.g.experimentaltrafficcontrolsystemsbasedshouldhavealowoverheadintermsofthenumberofoncar-to-carcommunicationandcooperativeroboticsys-messages.Thispaperpresentsaclocksynchronizationtems.Forpracticalreasons,th

6、edevelopmentofreal-timeprotocolforcontinuousclocksynchronizationinwirelesscommunicationprotocolsshouldbebasedontheIEEEreal-timeapplications.ItextendstheIEEE802.11stan-802.11standardforwirelesscommunicationinlocalareadardforwirelesslocalareanetworks.Ituses

7、thesamenetworks[2].numberofmessagesastheinstantaneousclocksynchro-TheIEEE802.11standardincludesasimplemas-nizationofthestandarddoes,butprovidescontinuouster/slaveprotocolforclocksynchronization,which,how-clocksynchronization,andimprovestheprecisionbyex-ev

8、er,achievesonlylimitedprecisionandisbasedonin-ploitingthetightnessofthecommunicationmedium,andstantaneoussynchronization.Thisapproachhaswell-toleratesmessagelosses.Duetomessagelosses,syn-knowndrawbackswithrespecttod