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1、1.1.GreenenergyconversionsystemsGreenenergyconversionsystems1.2Hydroenergyconverters1.2HydroenergyconvertersSource:VATechHydro,AustriaDARMSTADTDept.ofElectricalEnergyConversionUNIVERSITYOF1.2/1TECHNOLOGYProf.A.BinderHydroenergyconversionHydraulicdesignofhydropowerplant3(H:Head
2、,ρ=1000kg/m):H2OPotentialenergyofbarragedwater:W=m⋅g⋅H=ρV⋅g⋅HpotH2OPower:P=W/t=ρ⋅(V/t)⋅g⋅H=ρ⋅V&⋅g⋅HinpotH2OH2OV&:WaterflowrateEfficiencychain:Hydraulicefficiency:0.95Turbineefficiency:0.9Generatorefficiency:0.98Powerplantenergyconsumption:0.97Resultingefficiencyofpowerplant:ηK
3、W=0.95⋅0.9⋅0.98⋅0.97=0.81Electricalpower:P=P=η⋅P=0.81⋅9.81⋅1000⋅V&⋅HouteKWin"Ruleofthumb":Pe=8000⋅V&⋅H,[]P=W,[]V&=m3/s,[]H=meDARMSTADTDept.ofElectricalEnergyConversionUNIVERSITYOF1.2/2TECHNOLOGYProf.A.BinderClassificationofhydropowerplants*)3gorgesXi-Ling,Wu,Qutangat-Highhead,
4、lowflowrateYangtsekiangriver(barrage:2kmwidth,600kmlength)-Mediumhead,mediumflowrate-Lowhead,highflowrate**)HeightofGradDixencebarrage285m:biggerthanEiffel-towerinParis/France.LowheadMediumheadHighheadHighheadHighflowrateMediumflowrateLowflowrateLowflowrateRiverplantRiverbarra
5、geplantPumpstorageplantPumpstorageplantWallsee/Austria3Gorges/China*)Kaprun/AustriaBieudron/SwitzerlandH=9.1mH=183mH=780mH=1883m**)3333V&=2880m/sV&=12295m/sV&=32m/sV&=86m/sPe=210MWPe=18000MWPe=200MWPe=1295MWKaplan-TurbinesFrancis-TurbinesPelton-TurbinesPelton-Turbines6Generato
6、rs,26Generators,4Generators,each3Generators,each35MWeach692MW2x55MW,2x45MWeach432MWDARMSTADTDept.ofElectricalEnergyConversionUNIVERSITYOF1.2/3TECHNOLOGYProf.A.BinderClassificationofhydrogeneratoroperation•Mainlyfixedspeedoperationdirectlyatthegrid,usuallynoinverter!•“Smallhydr
7、o”:Cageinductiongeneratorswithgear,permanentmagnetsynchronousgenerators,orelectricallyexcitedsynchronousgeneratorstoallowover-excitedpowergenerationUnitpower:several100kW...SeveralMW•“Bighydro”:Electricallyexcitedsynchronousgenerators,allowingover-excitedpowergeneration,gearle
8、ss=directlycoupledtoturbineUnitpower:SeveralMW...Several100MW
