Hydraulic fractures How far can they go.pdf

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1、MarineandPetroleumGeology37(2012)1e6ContentslistsavailableatSciVerseScienceDirectMarineandPetroleumGeologyjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/marpetgeoReviewarticleHydraulicfractures:Howfarcantheygo?a,*abcaRichardJ.Davies,SimonA.Mathias,JenniferMoss,SteinarHustoft,LeoNew

2、portaDurhamEnergyInstitute,DepartmentofEarthSciences,DurhamUniversity,ScienceLabs,DurhamDH13LE,UKb3DLab,SchoolofEarthandOceanSciences,MainBuilding,ParkPlace,CardiffUniversity,CardiffCF103YE,UKcUniversityofTromsø,DepartmentofGeology,Dramsveien201,N-9037Tromsø,Norwayarticleinf

3、oabstractArticlehistory:ThemaximumreportedheightofanupwardpropagatinghydraulicfracturefromseveralthousandReceived14February2012fracturingoperationsintheMarcellus,Barnett,Woodford,EagleFordandNiobrarashale(USA)isw588m.ReceivedinrevisedformOfthe1170naturalhydraulicfracturepipe

4、simagedwiththree-dimensionalseismicdataoffshoreofWest5April2012Africaandmid-Norwayitisw1106m.Basedontheseempiricaldata,theprobabilityofastimulatedandAccepted7April2012naturalhydraulicfractureextendingvertically>350misw1%andw33%respectively.ConstrainingtheAvailableonline24Apr

5、il2012probabilityofstimulatingunusuallytallhydraulicfracturesinsedimentaryrocksisextremelyimportantasanevidencebasefordecisionsonthesafeverticalseparationbetweenthedepthofstimulationandrockKeywords:stratanotintendedforpenetration.FracturePressureÓ2012PublishedbyElsevierLtd.S

6、haleNaturalStimulated1.Introductionbacktothelate1940s(MontgomeryandSmith,2010).Measure-mentsofthemicroseismicitytheycause(e.g.Maxwelletal.,2002)Hydraulicfracturespropagatewhenfluidpressureexceedsthehaveshownthattheycanextendforseveralhundredmetresleastprincipalstressandtheten

7、silestrengthofthehostsedimentupwardsanddownwardsfromthewellbore(FisherandWarpinski,(HubbertandWillis,1957).Theycontinuetopropagateuntilthe2011).Multiplestagesofhydraulicfracturestimulationonmultiplestress-intensityatthefracturetipislowerthanthecriticalstress-wellsareroutinef

8、ortherecoveryofoilandgasfromlowperme-intensityoftherockbeingfractured(e.g.S