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1、PoliticalOrderinChangingSocietiesbySamuelP.HuntingtonNewHavenandLondon,YaleUniversityPressCopyright©1968byYaleUniversity.Seventhprinting,1973.DesignedbyJohnO.C.McCrillis,setinBaskervilletype,andprintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyTheColonialPressInc.,Clinton,Mass.F
2、orNancy,Allrightsreserved.Thisbookmaynotbereproduced,inwholeorinpart,inanyformTimothy,andNicholas(exceptbyreviewersforthepublicpress),withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.LibraryofCongresscatalogcardnumber:68-27756ISBN:0-300-00584-9(cloth),0-300-01171-'7(pape
3、r)PublishedinGreatBritain,Europe,andAfricabyYaleUniversityPress,Ltd.,London.DistributedinLatinAmericabyKaimanantiPolon,Inc.,NewYorkCity;inAustralasiaandSoutheastAsiabyJohnWiley&SonsAustralasiaPty.Ltd.,Sidney;inIndiabyUBSPublishers'DistributorsPvt.,Ltd.,Delhi;inJap
4、anbyJohnWeatherhill,Inc.,Tokyo.I·-~·II.PoliticalOrderandPoliticalDecayTHEPOLITICALGAPThemostimportantpoliticaldistinctionamongcountriesconicernsnottheirformofgovernmentbuttheirdegreeofgovernment.Thedifferencesbetweendemocracyanddictatorshiparelessithanthedifferenc
5、esbetweenthosecountrieswhosepoliticsem,bodiesconsensus,community,legitimacy,organization,effectiveness,stability,andthosecountrieswhosepoliticsisdeficientinthesequalities.CommunisttotalitarianstatesandWesternliberal.statesbothbelonggenerallyinthecategoryofeffectiv
6、eratherthandebilepoliticalsystems.TheUnitedStates,GreatBritain,andtheSovietUnionhavedifferentformsofgovernment,butinallthreesystemsthegovernmentgoverns.Eachcountryisapoliticalcommunitywithanoverwhelmingconsensusamongthepeopleonthelegitimacyofthepoliticalsystem.Ine
7、achcountrythecitizensandtheirleadersshareavisionofthepublicinterestofthesocietyandofthetraditionsandprinciplesuponwhichthepoliticalcommunityisbased.Allthreecountrieshavestrong,adaptable,coherentpoliticalinstitutions:effectivebureaucracies,well-organizedpoliticalpa
8、rties,ahighdegreeofpopularparticipationinpublicaffairs,workingsystemsofciviliancontroloverthemilitary,extensiveactivitybythegovernmentintheeconomy,andre
