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1、Version5.0StatisticsGuideHarveyMotulskyPresident,GraphPadSoftwareInc.©2007GraphPadSoftware,inc.Allrightsreserved.ThisStatisticsGuideisacompaniontoGraphPadPrism5.AvailableforbothMacandWindows,Prismmakesitveryeasytographandanalyzescientificdata.Downloadafreedemofromwww.graphp
2、ad.comThefocusofthisGuideisonhelpingyouunderstandthebigideasbehindstatisticaltests,soyoucanchooseatest,andinterprettheresults.Onlyabout10%ofthisGuideisspecifictoPrism,soyoumayfinditveryusefulevenifyouuseanotherstatisticsprogram.ThecompanionRegressionGuideexplainshowtofitcur
3、veswithPrism,BothoftheseGuidescontainexactlythesameinformationastheHelpsystemthatcomeswithPrism5,includingthefreedemoversrion.YoumayalsoviewthePrismHelponthewebat:http://graphpad.com/help/prism5/prism5help.htmlCopyright2007,GraphPadSoftware,Inc.Allrightsreserved.GraphPadPri
4、smandPrismareregisteredtrademarksofGraphPadSoftware,Inc.GraphPadisatrademarkofGraphPadSoftware,Inc.Citation:H.J.Motulsky,Prism5StatisticsGuide,2007,GraphPadSoftwareInc.,SanDiegoCA,www.graphpad.com.TocontactGraphPadSoftware,emailsupport@graphpad.comorsales@graphpad.com.Conte
5、ntsI.StatisticalprinciplesThebigpicture............................................................................................................................................9Whendoyouneedstatisticalcalculations?Extrapolatingfrom'sample'to'population'Whystatisticscanbe
6、hardtolearnTheneedforindependentsamplesOrdinal,intervalandratiovariablesTheGaussianDistribution............................................................................................................................................14ImportanceoftheGaussiandistributionOr
7、iginoftheGaussiandistributionTheCentralLimitTheoremofstatisticsStandardDeviationandStandardErroroftheMean............................................................................................................................................18Keyconcepts:SDComputingtheS
8、DHowaccuratelydoesaSDquantifyscatter?Keyconcepts:SEMComputingtheSEMTheSDandSEMaren
