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1、Technology:AWorldHistoryTheNewOxfordWorldHistoryTechnology:AWorldHistoryDanielR.Headrick120091OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,publishesworksthatfurtherOxfordUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducation.OxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMe
2、lbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamCopyright©2009byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.1
3、98MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016www.oup.comOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermiss
4、ionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataHeadrick,DanielR.Technology:aworldhistory/DanielR.Headrick.p.cm.—(ThenewOxfordworldhistory)Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN978-0-19-515648-5;978-0-19-533821-8(pbk.)1.Technology—History.I.Title.T15.H422008609—
5、dc222008033426135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperFrontispiece:AturbineattheNiagaraFallsPowerCompany.PhotographyCollection,MiriamandIraD.WallachDivisionofArt,PrintsandPhotographs,TheNewYorkPublicLibrary,Astor,LenoxandTildenFoundationsContentsEditors’Preface................
6、.............viiCHAPTER1StoneAgeTechnology......................1CHAPTER2HydraulicCivilizations(4000–1500bce).......17CHAPTER3Iron,Horses,andEmpires(1500bce–500ce).......................35CHAPTER4PostclassicalandMedievalRevolutions(500–1400).............................51CHAPTER5AnAgeofGlobalIn
7、teractions(1300–1800).....71CHAPTER6TheFirstIndustrialRevolution(1750–1869)....91CHAPTER7TheAccelerationofChange(1869–1939).....111CHAPTER8TowardaPostindustrialWorld(1939–2007)...........................130Chronology..............