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1、ASHORTHISTORYOFWORLDWARIbyJAMESL.STOKESBURYForNana,nicestofgrandmothers,andthebestoffriendsaswellContents1.TheLongFuse112.TheExplosion223.TheOpeningBattlesintheWest364.TheMarneandtheRacetotheSea495.TheWarintheEast616.TheWaratSea757.TheWesternFront,1915908.Wi
2、deningtheWar:Turkey,Italy,andtheUnitedStates1029.TheDardanelles11510.SuccessandFailureintheEast12811.“TheLoveBattles”:VerdunandtheSomme14012.“AnotherSuchVictoryandWeAreLost…”15713.TheNavyGetsItsChance16814.ImperialWarsandColonialCampaigns18015.TheNadiroftheW
3、ar19416.TheCollapseofRussia20517.TheSubmarineCampaign;TheUnitedStatesEnterstheWar21618.TheWesternFront,191722719.ChangeandContinuity24420.TheGermanSpringOffensives,191825921.AlliedCounteroffensive28122.TheCollapseoftheCentralPowers29423.Peacemaking30824.Epil
4、ogue318SuggestionsforFurtherReading325Index337AcknowledgmentsAbouttheAuthorOtherBooksbyJamesL.StokesburyCoverCopyrightAboutthePublisher1.TheLongFuseTHESUMMEROF1914wasthefairestinlivingmemory.Grasshadneverbeengreener,norskiesbluer.Europelayrichandripeningunde
5、rthewarmingsun,andfromtheUralMountainstothewave-beatenwestofIrelandthecowsfattened,thenewbornanimalsplayedintherichfields,andloversstrolledinthecountrylanes.Cities,filledwiththenoiseofhorse-drawnwagons,streetcars,andincreasingnumbersofautomobiles,appearedtob
6、ebusy,happyplaces;couplesthrongedthesidewalkcafes,enjoyinglifeinthisbestofallpossibleworlds.Sobeautifulwasthatsummerthatthosewhosurviveditinvesteditwithagoldenhaze;itassumedaretrospectivepoignancy,asifbeforeit,allhadbeenbeautiful,andafterit,nothingeverwasaga
7、in.Itbecamethesummerthattheworldended,anditwassomehowfittingthatitshouldthereforebethemostglorioussummerever.Suchavisionwasthetrickofselectivememory.Theweatherwasindeedfine,butthinkingmenandwomenwereawarethatEuropelivedonapowderkeg,andhadforyears.Aseriesofpr
8、ofoundsocialchangeshadledtodangerousimbalancesinpolitics,andtheseinturnledtoonecrisisafteranother.ItwasinthatmemorablesummerthatthestatesofEuropefinallyuseduptheirmaneuveringroom,andtheresulting
