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1、三、动词的时态及语态I时态时态考查项目1过去完成时2现在完成进行时3将来完成时4一般现在时(用于表示客观事实/科学真理)答题依据:句中时间状语主从句谓语动词的先后关系语境时态的呼应(thesequenceoftenses)时态呼应是指从句中谓语动词的时态因受主句中谓语动词时态的影响而须采用一定的时态，从而达到两者在逻辑关系上的一致。（一）主句谓语动词的时态为现在时或将来时，从句谓语动词根据实际情况可用各种时态Shesayssheisacollegestudent.shewasacollegestudent.shewillbeacollegestudent.Hashetoldyouwhenhei
2、stoleaveforBeijing?Willyoutellmewhenyoufinishedthework?（二）主句谓语动词用过去时态1若从句谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时或过去进行时Shetoldmeshewasateacher.HesaidhewasstudyingEnglish.2若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，从句用过去完成时或过去完成进行时Sheexplainedtomethatshehadmadethemistakechieflyoutofcarelessness.Bettysaidthatshehadbeenwaitingfor
3、mycall.3若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之后，从句用过去将来时、过去将来进行时或过去将来完成时。Hesaidthathewouldcomebackthenextday.Shesaidthatshewouldbesettingoffonthe10o’clocktrain.Hetoldthemthathewouldhavefinishedbysixo’clock.4若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但从句中有表示某一具体时间的状语，从句用一般过去时。Hetoldmethathewasbornin1959.Mymothertoldmethatmygrandfath
4、erwenttoGermanyin1917.5若从句说明的是客观事实或科学真理，现在依然成立，从句用一般现在时。Ourteachersaidthattheearthisroundanditgoesroundthesun.（三）主、从句动作都是将来时，但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，主句仍用一般将来时。IwillbeateacherwhenIgrowup.Whatshallwedoifitsnows?II语态语态:主动语态和被动语态（一）被动语态考查项目:(1)被动语态进行式(2)被动语态完成式(3)不定式被动式需要注意:主动变被动后加to(二)具有被动意义
5、的主动结构(即不该用被动语态的情况)1在“主语+谓语+宾语+过去分词(作宾补)”结构中谓语动词为使役动词或感官动词Eg.Ihadthemachinerepaired.Ididn’thearmynamecalled.2在“主系表”结构中Eg.Theflowerssmellsweet.Thefoodtastesnice.3在“主语+vi.+(adj./adv.)”结构中vi.有:open,shut,sell,wear,blow,work,move,lock,cook,wash,clean,read,write,draw,make,burn,eat,blame,photograph,etc.Eg.T
6、hegoodssellswell.Thedoorblewopen.Thedoorcan’tshut/lock.Thismaterialhaswornthin.Thefoodisreadytoeat.Thiskindofricecooksquickly.Shedoesn’tphotographwell.Danishbaconandeggmakesagoodmeal.Themotherdidn’tknowwhotoblameforthebrokenglass.4sth.want/needtobedonesb.want(sb.)todosth.want/needdoingsth.requiredoi
7、ngsth.beworthdoing/beworthytobedonebeworthyofsth.beworthyofdoingEg.Thehouseneeds/wantsrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.四、主谓一致主谓一致：谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致（一）主谓一致三原则1语法一致原则:单主→单谓复主→复谓2意义一致原则(1)单形主→复谓Eg.Thevolley
