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1、TheRANDCorporationTheOptimalStructureofIncentivesandAuthoritywithinanOrganizationAuthor(s):JamesA.MirrleesSource:TheBellJournalofEconomics,Vol.7,No.1(Spring,1976),pp.105-131Publishedby:TheRANDCorporationStableURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/3003192.Accessed:17/10/201107:05Youruseo
2、ftheJSTORarchiveindicatesyouracceptanceoftheTerms&ConditionsofUse,availableat.http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jspJSTORisanot-for-profitservicethathelpsscholars,researchers,andstudentsdiscover,use,andbuilduponawiderangeofcontentinatrusteddigitalarchive.Weuseinfo
3、rmationtechnologyandtoolstoincreaseproductivityandfacilitatenewformsofscholarship.FormoreinformationaboutJSTOR,pleasecontactsupport@jstor.org.TheRANDCorporationiscollaboratingwithJSTORtodigitize,preserveandextendaccesstoTheBellJournalofEconomics.http://www.jstor.orgTheoptimalstruc
4、tureofincentivesandauthoritywithinanorganizationJamesA.MirrleesProfessorofEconomicsNuffieldCollege,OxfordTwokindsofmodelsforaproductiveorganizationarepresented.Inthefirst,bothproductionandrewardsarebasedontheperformanceofindividuals,whichisperfectlyobserved.Theirabilitiesarenotobs
5、ervable.Despitethis,theoremsareprovedgivingstronggroundsfortheequalityofwagesandmarginalproductsunlessthereismonopsonyinthelabormarket.Thislattercaseisalsodiscussed.Thesecondmodel,whichfocusesontheimperfectobservationofperformance,allowsinterestingdeductionsaboutoptimalpaymentsche
6、dulesandorganizationalstructure.*Theusualideaofanorganizationisthatitisagroupofpeople(or1.Introductionroles)withinwhichastructureofauthorityisdefined.Inotherwords,theactionsofeachmemberoftheorganizationareconstrainedbycertainofthedecisionsmadebyothermembers.Simon(1957)hasdeveloped
7、thisview,andithasbeentakenupmorerecentlybyArrow(1974).SimonandArrow,incommonwithmanypoliticaltheorists,emphasizetheexistenceanddesirabilityoflimitsonauthor-ity,whicharetermed"responsibility."Moregenerally,itisclearthatrelationsofauthoritycan,andusuallydo,operateinbothdirectionsbet
8、weenanytwomembersorsubgroupswithi
