环境规制与国际贸易【外文翻译】

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1、本科毕业论文外文翻译外文题目：Environmentalregulationandinternationaltrade出处：JournalofRegulatoryEconomicsVolume8,Number1,61-72,DOI:10.1007/BF01066600作者：EftichiosSophoclesSartzetakisandChristosConstantatos原文：EnvironmentalregulationandinternationaltradeAbstract：Inthispaper,weinvestigatehowacountry'schoiceofenvironm

2、entalpolicyinstrumentaffectstheinternationalcompetitivenessofitsfirms.WeshowthatinaCournot-Nashequilibrium,thetotalmarkeshareoffirmsregulatedthroughtradeableemissionpermitsincreasesrelativetothatofthefirmsoperatingundercommandandcontrolduetobetterallocationoftotalabatementamongthefirmsinthecountry.

3、Ourworksuggeststhatfreetradesituationsshouldnotonlyresultinsimilarenvironmentastandardsbutalsoinsimilarregulatoryregimes.ItmaycomeasnosurprisethattheenvironmentalauthoritiesinCanadaareseriouslyconsideringfollowingtheUnitedStatesininstitutingatradeableemissionpermitsmechanism.1.IntroductionInrecenty

4、ears,increasedawarenessofenvironmentalissueshasmadepollutioncontrol,notablythecontrolofemissions,animportanttopicinpublicpolicydiscussions.Acommonlyraisedobjectionagainstemissionscontrolisthatthismayimpairthecompetitivenessofthedomesticindustryininternationalmarkets.Inparticular,ithasbeenarguedthat

5、firmsoperatingincountrieswithlowenvironmentalstandardswillacquiresubstantialcostadvantagesoverinternationalcompetitorsoperatinginmoreenvironmentallyconsciouscountries.Concernhasevenbeenexpressedthatsomecountriescouldbecome"pollutionhavens"byattractingindustriesthroughlowenvironmentalstandards;seefo

6、rexample,Markusenetal.(1993).WhileearlierempiricalresearchbyLeonard(1988)andTobey(1989;1990)suggestedthatdifferencesinenvironmentalstandardsdidnothavesignificantimpactontradepatterns,morerecentworkbyLucasetal.(1992)showedthatthisimpactmaybeimportant.Substantialliteraturehasbeendevotedtotheimpactofe

7、nvironmentalpolicyontradepatterns.Thelinkbetweentradeandtheenvironmentisrootedinpolicyrigiditiesthatpreventauthoritiesfromachievingfirstbestoptimality.Intheabsenceofanyrestrictionsontheuseofenvironmentaland