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ID:34855802
大小:3.40 MB
页数:352页
时间:2019-03-12
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1、IntroductiontoMany-bodyquantumtheoryincondensedmatterphysicsHenrikBruusandKarstenFlensbergØrstedLaboratory,NielsBohrInstitute,UniversityofCopenhagenMikroelektronikCentret,TechnicalUniversityofDenmarkCopenhagen,15August2002iiPrefacePrefaceforthe2001editionThisintroductiontoquantumfieldtheor
2、yincondensedmatterphysicshasemergedfromourcoursesforgraduateandadvancedundergraduatestudentsattheNielsBohrInstitute,UniversityofCopenhagen,heldbetweenthefallof1999andthespringof2001.Wehavegonethroughthepainofwritingthesenotes,becausewefeltthepedagogicalneedforabookwhichaimedatputtinganemp
3、hasisonthephysicalcontentsandapplicationsoftheratherinvolvedmathematicalmachineryofquantumfieldtheorywithoutloosingmathematicalrigor.Wehopewehavesucceededatleasttosomeextendinreachingthisgoal.Wewouldliketothankthestudentswhoputupwiththefirstversionsofthisbookandfortheirenumerableandvaluable
4、commentsandsuggestions.WeareparticularlygratefultothestudentsofMany-particlePhysicsI&II,theacademicyear2000-2001,andtoNielsAsgerMortensenandBrianMøllerAndersenforcarefulproofreading.Naturally,wearesolelyresponsibleforthehopefullyfewremainingerrorsandtypos.DuringtheworkonthisbookH.B.wassup
5、portedbytheDanishNaturalScienceRe-searchCouncilthroughOleRømerGrantNo.9600548.ØrstedLaboratory,NielsBohrInstituteKarstenFlensberg1September,2001HenrikBruusPrefaceforthe2002editionAfterrunningthecourseintheacademicyear2001-2002ourstudentscameupwithmorecorrectionsandcommentssothatwefeltanew
6、editionwasappropriate.Wewouldliketothankoureverenthusiasticstudentsfortheirvaluablehelpinimprovingthisbook.KarstenFlensbergHenrikBruusØrstedLaboratoryMikroelektronikCentretNielsBohrInstituteTechnicalUniversityofDenmarkiiiivPREFACEContentsListofsymbolsxii1Firstandsecondquantization11.1Firs
7、tquantization,single-particlesystems...................21.2Firstquantization,many-particlesystems...................41.2.1Permutationsymmetryandindistinguishability............51.2.2Thesingle-particlestatesasbasisstates................61.2.3Operatorsinfirstquantizati
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