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1、ThePhysicsofStructuralPhaseTransitionsSecondEditionSpringerNewYorkBerlinHeidelbergHongKongLondonMilanParisTokyoMinoruFujimotoThePhysicsofStructuralPhaseTransitionsSecondEditionWith95Figures13MinoruFujimotoDepartmentofPhysicsUniversityofGuelphGuelph,OntarioCanada,N
2、1H6C7PACS:64.70LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataFujimoto,Minoru.Thephysicsofstructuralphasetransitions/MinoruFujimoto.–[2nded.].p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferences.ISBN0-387-40716-2(alk.paper)1.Phasetransformations(Statisticalphysics)2.Crystals.3.L
3、atticedynamics.I.Title.QC175.16.P5F852003530.414–dc212003054317ISBN0-387-40716-2Printedonacid-freepaper.c2005SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher(SpringerSc
4、ience+BusinessMedia,Inc.,233SpringStreet,NewYork,NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Useinconnectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowkno
5、wnorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyarenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubjecttoproprietaryrights.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.9
6、87654321SPIN10951286springeronline.comTothememoryofProfessorM.Takewaki´whoinspiredmewithfantasyinthermodynamicsPrefacetotheSecondEditionInthefirstedition,Idiscussedphysicalprinciplesforstructuralphasetransi-tionswithapplicationstorepresentativecrystals.Althoughpubl
7、ishednearly6yearsago,thesubjectmatterissofundamentalinsolidstatesandIamconvincedthatthisbookshouldberevisedinatextbookformtointroducetheprinciplesbeyondthetraditionaltheoryofidealcrystals.Solid-statephysicsofperfectcrystalsiswellestablished,andlatticeimper-fection
8、saretreatedasminorperturbations.Thebasictheoriesareadequateformostproblemsinstablecrystals,whereasinrealsystems,disruptedtrans-lationalsymmetryplaysafun
