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1、PRO-LITETechnicalInformationGuidetoCompositesIntroductionTofullyappreciatetheroleandapplicationofcompositematerialstoastructure,anunderstandingisrequiredofthecomponentmaterialsthemselvesandofthewaysinwhichtheycanbeprocessed.Thisguidelooksatbasiccompositetheory,propertiesofmaterialsused,variousp
2、rocessingtechniquescommonlyfoundandapplicationsofcompositeproducts.Initsmostbasicformacompositematerialisonewhichiscomposedofatleasttwoelementsworkingtogethertoproducematerialpropertiesthataredifferenttothepropertiesofthoseelementsontheirown.Inpractice,mostcompositesconsistofabulkmaterial(the'm
3、atrix'),andareinforcementofsomekind,addedprimarilytoincreasethestrengthandstiffnessofthematrix.Thisreinforcementisusuallyinfibreform.Today,themostcommonman-madecompositescanbedividedintothreemaingroups:PolymerMatrixComposites(PMC's)Thesearethemostcommonandwillthemainareaofdiscussioninthisguide.
4、AlsoknownasFRP-FibreReinforcedPolymers(orPlastics)-thesematerialsuseapolymer-basedresinasthematrix,andavarietyoffibressuchasglass,carbonandaramidasthereinforcement.MetalMatrixComposites(MMC's)-Increasinglyfoundintheautomotiveindustry,thesematerialsuseametalsuchasaluminiumasthematrix,andreinforc
5、eitwithfibressuchassiliconcarbide.CeramicMatrixComposites(CMC's)-Usedinveryhightemperatureenvironments,thesematerialsuseaceramicasthematrixandreinforceitwithshortfibres,orwhiskerssuchasthosemadefromsiliconcarbideandboronnitride.PolymerMatrixCompositesResinsystemssuchasepoxiesandpolyestershaveli
6、miteduseforthemanufactureofstructuresontheirown,sincetheirmechanicalpropertiesarenotveryhighwhencomparedto,forexample,mostmetals.However,theyhavedesirableproperties,mostnotablytheirabilitytobeeasilyformedintocomplexshapes.Materialssuchasglass,aramidandboronhaveextremelyhightensileandcompressive
7、strengthbutin'solidform'thesepropertiesarenotreadilyapparent.Thisisduetothefactthatwhenstressed,randomsurfaceflawswillcauseeachmaterialtocrackandfailwellPRO-LITETechnicalInformationGuidetoCompositesbelowitstheoretical'breakingpoin
