美国社会保障的改革【外文翻译】

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1、原文二：ThesocialsecurityreformofAmericanJobslostduringtherecentrecessioncausedadelugeofapplicationstotheSocialSecurityDisabilityInsuranceprogram—morethan6millioneachyearin2009and2010—andthrewintoreliefthefactthattheSSDIprogramisstructurallyunsound.Thecurrentapplicationssurgewillacceleratetheexh

2、austionofSSDI'strustfundandwillforceCongresstohavetochooseamongtwounpalatableoptions—increaseSSDIpayrolltaxesorreducebenefitallowancerates.Butthatisnotenough.IftheparticularlyvulnerablepopulationtheSSDIisdesignedtoserveistobeprotected,whilepreservingincentivestowork,theprogramhastoberadicall

3、yrestructured.WhyGetAJob?Eveninnormaleconomictimes,thosewithmarginallyphysicalormentalimpairmentsapplyinthehopeofacquiringdisabledstatusunderSSDI.AmongthosealreadyreceivingSSDIbenefits,theincentivetoreturntotheworkforceisverypoor.Revealingone'sabilitytowork,especiallyifit'sinalow-paidoccupat

4、ion,couldcausepermanentlossofSSDIbenefits.StrongworkdisincentivesunderSSDIresultfromitseligibilitystandardthatguidesbenefitawards:aninabilitytoengageinsubstantialgainfulactivityfor12monthsormore.ProfessorsDavidAutorofMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandMarkDugganoftheUniversityofMarylandrec

5、entlyproposedreformingSSDItosolveitstwinproblemsofimpendingfiscalshortfallsandpooremploymentincentives.Theyproposeanew"front-end"universalprogramofprivatedisabilityinsurance(PDI)paidforoutofanewpayrolltaxtobesharedbyemployersandemployees.PDIwouldprovideemploymentsupportstodisabledworkerswith

6、aviewofkeepingthemonthejob.Itwouldalsoprovidenewsubsidiestoemployerstoretaindisabledworkersonthejob.Undertheirreform,applicationstoSSDIbythosewithdisabilitiesbutwhocouldcontinueworkingwithassistivetechnologieswouldbestatutorilydelayedby22months,duringwhichtimetheywouldcontinuetoreceivePDI'se

7、mploymentsupports.ApplicationsforSSDIbenefitsbyworkerswithseriousdisabilities—whoobviouslycannotcontinuetowork—wouldbepermittedasbefore.Indeed,inalllikelihood,theseriouslydisabledwouldbeginreceivingbenefitsquicklythroughSSDI'sCompassionateAllowance