Application of particle and lattice codes to simulation of hydraulic fracturing.pdf

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1、Comp.Part.Mech.DOI10.1007/s40571-015-0085-0ApplicationofparticleandlatticecodestosimulationofhydraulicfracturingBrankoDamjanac1·ChristineDetournay1·PeterA.Cundall1Received:27February2015/Revised:9October2015/Accepted:26October2015©OWZ2015AbstractWiththedevelopmentofun

2、conventionaloiland1Introductiongasreservoirsoverthelast15years,theunderstandingandcapabilitytomodelthepropagationofhydraulicfrac-Extractionoftheabundantreservesofshalegasaroundtheturesininhomogeneousandnaturallyfracturedreservoirsworldhasbeenmadeeconomicaloverthelast1

3、5yearshasbecomeveryimportantforthepetroleumindustry(butbecauseofadvancesintwotechnologies:horizontaldrillingalsoforsomeotherindustrieslikeminingandgeothermal).andmulti-stagehydraulicfracturing[3].Multi-stagefrac-Particle-basedmodelsprovideadvantagesoverothermod-turing

4、fromahorizontalsectionofthewellbore,typicallyelsandsolutionsforthesimulationoffracturingofrock7003000minlength,allowseffectivestimulationofthemassesthatcannotbeassumedtobecontinuousandhomo-productionhorizon.Althoughhydraulicfracturinghasbeengeneous.Ithasbeendemonstrat

5、ed(PotyondyandCundallusedinsuccessfulcommercialapplicationsinconventionalIntJRockMechMinSciGeomechAbstr41:13291364,reservoirssince1949,thereisstillalackofunderstanding2004)thatparticlemodelsbasedonasimpleforcecriterionofthehydraulicfracturingeffectsintheseshaleoilandg

6、as,forfracturepropagationmatchtheoreticalsolutionsandscaleunconventionalreservoirs.Thisoftenleadstounreliableeffectsderivedusingtheprinciplesoflinearelasticfracturewellborecompletiondesigns.mechanics(LEFM).ThechallengeishowtoapplytheseEvenhydraulicfracturingofaformati

7、onthatcanbeide-modelseffectively(i.e.,withacceptablemodelssizesandalizedashomogeneous,isotropic,andcontinuousinvolvescomputerruntimes)tothecoupledhydro-mechanicalprob-complex,non-linear,hydro-mechanicalprocessesoccurringlemsofrelevanttimeandlengthscalesforpracticalfiel

8、dondifferentlengthscales.However,shalegasreservoirs,onapplications(i.e.,reservoirscaleandhoursofinjectiontime).thelengthandt