液-液萃取（liquid-liquid extraction）

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1、液-液萃取（Liquid-liquidextraction）Liquid-liquidextractionLiquidliquidextractionprinciple,calculationandequipmentSummaryTheprincipleoftreatingaliquidhomogeneousmixtureisachievedbyseparatingthesolubilitydifferencesofeachcomponentinaparticularsolvent*basicpro

2、cess:mixingandclarifying*basicconcepts:ThesolublegroupofsoluteA:inrawliquor.ThediluentB:rawmaterialliquidinsolublecomponents.TheextractionsolventofS:.Extractessence*extractionphaseE:extractionofaproductcontainingmorethanonephaseofsoluteA*extractionphas

3、eR:extractsaphasewithmorediluentBintheproduct*EandRaremixtures,notpurecomponents,sotheextractionisonlytoconvertthedifficulttoseparatematerialintoeasilyseparatedmaterialApplicabilityofextractioncomparedwithdistillation*therelativevolatilityofthetwocompo

4、nentsiscloseto1,whichissuitableforextraction;*thecontentofvolatilecomponentsisveryhigh,andthedistillationprocessrequiresalargeamountofthecomponentstobegasifiedsothattheenergyconsumptionishigh*systemofheatsensitivecomponents,nothightemperatureoperation.

5、Thetriangularphasediagramrepresentsthecompositionofthesystem*compositionofthewholesystemisdeterminedbymassfraction*vertex:representspurecomponents*edge:representstwobinarysystems.Thecontentofacomponentisatthatpointatconcentration1andtheotherisconcentra

6、tion0.*thepointsinthetriangle:representthethreeelementsystem.ThevalueofacomponentcanbederivedfromthevalueoftheintersectionpointofthepointontheoppositesideofthelineparalleltotheedgePhaseequilibriumrelationofthreeelementsystem1*thesolubilitycurve--fromth

7、etwo-phaseregionintoaseriesofmixedmeltingpointandtheformationofthecurveofphase.*inthetwophaseregionoftheconnectingline,thethreeelementsystemisunstableandeventuallybreaksdownintoabalancedtwophasesegmentconnectingthetwocomponentpointsoftheequilibriumphas

8、e*auxiliarycurve-theintersectionofalltheintersectionsofthetworightanglesparallellinesmadeatbothendsofeachlink*criticalintersectioncurveandauxiliarymixedmeltingpointsolubilitycurve.Thisconnectionlineisinfinitelyshort,EandR.Phaseequilibri