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1、●动词不定式：动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。1.动词不定式作主语：Tomastalanguageisnotaneasything.ToteachEnglishismyfavorite.It'smypleasuretohelpyou.动词不定式作主语时可以放在后面，而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。It'sverykindofyoutohavegivenusmuchhelp.It'snecessarytofindthewitness.2.动词不定式作宾语：某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide,b
2、egin,help,begin,want,wish,like,forget,learn,ask.Eg:WhatIwishistolearnEnglishwell.IliketohelpothersifIcan.3.动词不定式作宾语补语。Weexpectyoutobewithus.Pleaseaskhimtocomeherequickly.。4.动词不定式作表语：WhatIshoulddoistofinishthetasksoon.Themosturgentthingistofindtheboyimmediately.5.动词不定式作定语：Therearemanywaystosolvethe
3、problem.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.6.不定式作状语：Wewenttothehospitaltoseeourteacher.SheismakingatesttogetakindofusefulmedicinefromaTibetflower.她在做试验，从一种西藏花中提取某种有用的药物。动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形Theteachertoldusnottoswiminthatriver.It'sunfairnottotellus.带疑问词的不定式：疑问词who,what,which,when,where,how,why可以加在不
4、定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。Wheretogoisnotknownyet.。Idon'tknowwhentobegin.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebattery.Doyouknowhowtogettothestation.带逻辑主语的不定式：动词不定式可以带有自己的逻辑主语，构成方法是：for+逻辑主语+不定式。注意：逻辑主语用宾格形式，for本身无实际意义，它只表明后面的主语从逻辑上分析是不定式的主语。It'snecessaryforustohelpeachother.Therearemuchworkformetofinish,动词不定式的被动形式
5、：表示不定式动词同所修饰的名词是被动关系。Heisthemantobeexamined.Therearemuchworktobedone.●动名词:动名词是由动词原形+ing构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。1)动名词作主语：Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.Learningfromothersisimportant.Puttingonmoreclothesisnotsogood.2)动名词作表语Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.Seeingisbelieving.3)动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来
6、作宾语,它们是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.Pleasestopsmokinginthehouse.Ilikereadingintheforest.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?4）动名词作定语Sheisstudyinginthereadingroom.Hesleptinthesleepingbag.（动名词的否定形式：not+动名词Hepretendnotknowingitatall.Weconsiderednotdoingitnow.动名词的被动形式（当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时
7、，用动名词的被动形式来表示。）Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.动名词的几种特殊情况：1)有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语，有些动词能跟不定式，有些两者都可以，它们的具体含义有时还不一样。能跟动名词的动词有：avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,endure,enjoy,escape,
