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1、ENGLISHLEXICOLOGYCHAPTER4WORDFORMATIONINENGLISH4.1Introduction4.2InflectionandDerivation4.3Compounding4.4OtherWordFormation4.5Backformation4.6WordsfromProperNamesandMetanalysis4.7Exercises1.INTRODUCTIONWord-formation/word-buildingisanimportantmeansof
2、vocabularyenlargement.TheEnglishlanguagehasincreaseditsresourcesnotonlythroughtheadoptionofwordsfromotherlanguages,butalsothroughtheformationofnewwordswiththematerialavailableinthelanguage.Whatisaword?Asoundoracombinationofsounds,oritsrepresentationi
3、nwritingorprinting,thatsymbolizesandcommunicatesameaningandmayconsistofasinglemorphemeorofacombinationofmorphemes.e.g.do,does,did,doing,done,doer,undoButtheyarequitedifferentintheirstructure.Typically,awordwillconsistofarootorstem,andzeroormoreaffixe
4、s.Wordscanbecombinedtocreateotherunitsoflanguage,suchasphrases,clauses,and/orsentences.Awordconsistingoftwoormorestemsjoinedtogetherformacompoundword.Awordconsistingofonestemjoinedtogetherwithoneormorethanoneaffixformaderivativeword.RootandStemArooti
5、sthebaseformofawordthatexpressesitsessentialmeaning,aconsistentmeaningwhateveraffixesmaybeaddedtoit.e.g.use[root]→useable→usage→used→useful→usefully→usefulness→useless→uselessly→uselessness→user→usual→usually→usualness→usurer→usury→usurious→usurp→usu
6、rpation→utilitarian→utility→utilize→utilizable→utilization→abuse→abusive→misuse→misusage→misuserAstemisalinguistictermusedaspartofaclassificationofthekindsofelementsoperatingwithinthestructureofaword.e.g.ROOTSTEMSUFFIXESWORDclassclassificclassificfyc
7、lassifyfi-cationclassificationfi-catoryclassificatoryfi-ableclassifiableTypesofwordStructurally:1.Simpleword2.Compoundword3.Complex/Derivativeword1.SimplewordAnyfreemorphemecanbeasimpleword.ORAsimplewordisonethatcontainsonlyonefreemorpheme.e.g.classb
8、ookwork…2.CompoundwordWhatisacompoundword?AccordingtoRandolphQuirketal,acompoundisalexicalunitconsistingofmorethanonestem/baseandfunctioningbothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyasasingleword.ORAcompoundwordismadewhentwowordsarejoinedtoformanewword.ORAcomp
