chapter 2 the internet and world wide web 2. history of the internet 课件

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1、CHAPTER2TheInternetandWorldWideWebHistoryoftheInternetEarlyInnovationsThecreationoftheInternetisdependentonmankind’searlierinnovations1836-TelegraphbyCookeandWheatstoneRevolutionizedhuman(tele)communications.MorseCodewasusedtocommunicatebetweenhumans.Thisis

2、similartohowcomputerscommunicatevia(binary0/1)datatoday.1858-1866-Transatlanticcable.AlloweddirectinstantaneouscommunicationacrosstheAtlantic1876-Telephone.AlexanderGrahamBellExhibits.TelephonesexchangesprovidethebackboneofInternetconnectionstoday.Modemspro

3、videDigitaltoAudioconversionstoallowcomputerstoconnectoverthetelephonenetwork.PoliticalEvents1940’sto1980’s-U.S.vs.SovietColdWarPacket-SwitchingisKey1962-1968-Packet-switching(PS)networksdevelopedTheInternetreliesonpacketstotransferdata.Dataissplitintotinyp

4、acketsthatmaytakedifferentroutestoadestination.Morethanonerouteavailable--ifoneroutegoesdownanothermaybefollowed.Networkscanwithstandlargescaledestruction(Nuclearattack-ThiswasthetimeoftheColdWar).TheStoryofARPANET-Team1969-ARPANETwascommissionedbyDoDforres

5、earchintonetworking.TheTeamincluded:BobTaylor,apsychoacoustician,wasdirectorofthecomputerresearchprogramattheDepartmentofDefense'sAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyin1966whenhehitupontheideaofliningcomputerstogether.Hewasawarded$1Milliontodevelopthenetwork.Larr

6、yRoberts,apioneerincomputernetworkingatMIT'sLincolnLaboratory.Hedesignedtheoriginalfour-nodenetwork,whichwastobebasedonpacket-switching,asopposedtocircuit-switching.TheStoryofARPANET–theNodes1969–FournodesandatestFirstnodeatUCLAsoonafterat:StanfordResearchI

7、nstitute(SRI)UCSBUofUtahTheStoryofARPANET–TheIMPs1969–Toconnectthesefourcomputers–eachwithitsown“language”–WesClarksuggestedtoLarryRobertsthat4smallcomputersthatspokethesamelanguagebeconstructedandconnectedtogether.TheBirthoftheInternetTheplanwasunprecedent

8、ed:Kleinrock,apioneeringcomputerscienceprofessoratUCLA,andhissmallgroupofgraduatestudentshopedtologontotheStanfordcomputerandtrytosenditsomedata.BillNaylorJonPosteldevelopedDomainNameSystem,FTP,Telnet,