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1、无线电导航原理和机载设备简介（Principlesofradionavigationandairborneequipment）PrinciplesofradionavigationandairborneequipmentEarlyaircraftflyingintheairreliedsolelyonlandmarknavigation-thelinearlandmarksthatlookedatroads,railways,rivers,etc.;landmarkssuchaspeaks,lighthouses,roadinterchanges,etc.;landmarkssuchaslak
2、esandtowns.Later,aviationmap,compass,slipstick,clockandothertoolsandtheirastronomy,geography,mathematicsknowledgebyaircrew,accordingtothewindspeedandwinddirectioncalculationrouteangle,combinedwithlandmarkfixroutedeviation,thisworkiscalled"airnavigation".Thismethodisthe"original",butLinBoaviationpion
3、eeristorelyonthesethingswhendrivingasingleenginepistonaircraft"spiritofSaintLouis"alonefromthewestcoastoftheUnitedStatessetoutdirectlyovertheAtlanticarrivedinParis,heflewoverthevasttheAtlanticisthroughobservationoftheseacurrents,thenightskyintheconstellationtoidentifythedirectiondeterminetheposition
4、.Airnavigationisarequiredcourseforpilots.Thekeyistomodifytheinfluenceofwindonflightpathbyusingtheprincipleofvectorcomposition.Withthedevelopmentofradiotechnology,everykindofelectronicequipmentprovideaccuratenavigationinformationforaircraft:fortheOmegaNavigationSystem(OMEGA),intercontinentalnavigatio
5、nLoransystemsuitableforawidesealevel(LORAN-A,LORAN-C),forVHFomnidirectionalradioshort-rangenavigationstandardnavigationsystem(VORTAC),andsomeforthemilitarydevelopmentofnavigationalbeaconsandradarsystem.Now,theglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),whichusesgeostationarysatellites,hasbeguntobewidelyused.ButVOR
6、TACisstillthemainstreamofshort-rangenavigation,andmostmodernmilitaryandcivilianaircraft,includingcivilaircraftandsmallgeneral-purposeaircraft,areequippedwithVORreceivers(VOR,very,high,frequency,ommi-directional,range).VORTACisageneraltermforVOR/DMEandTACAN.VOR/DMEisaciviliansystem,TACANisdevelopedfo
7、rshipbornemobilestations,militarytacticalairnavigationsystem(i.e.theTACANnavigationsystem).Bothworkprinciplesandtechnicalspecificationsaredifferent,buttheuseofthemisexactlythesame.Infact,someVOR/DMEan
