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1、句子的构成英语的词性：名词(nouns)n.代词(pronoun)pron.实词数词(numeral)num.形容词(adjective)adj.或a.副词(adverb)adv.动词(verb)v冠词(article)art虚词介词(preposition)prep.连词(conjunction)conj.助词(auxiliary)aux.句子成分主语subject谓语predicate宾语object宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial（时间，地点，原因……）同位语appositive表语predicative1
2、.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词主格代词数词动词不定式动名词the
3、+形容词句子㈡谓语谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,一般在主语之后。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasfinishedthehomework.1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Whoknowstheanswer?6.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.7.H
4、eenjoysreading.8.Hesaid"Goodmorning."●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Heaskedwherehewas.（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassmethebook.●Heboughtmesomeflowers.(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语
5、作出说明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging?Hemadehimselfunderstood.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词(五)定语Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknow
6、nBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Ther
7、eisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（六）状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimano
8、rphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.H
