中国城乡人口迁移研究——制度分析与理论探讨

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1、中国农业大学博士学位论文中国城乡人口迁移研究——制度分析与理论探讨姓名：卢向虎申请学位级别：博士专业：农业经济管理指导教师：张正河20060601ABSTRACTChina’sagriculturehasalwaysbeenproblematizedbytheexcessivelaborforalongtimeandtherural—urbansegregationinducedintheplannedeconomyperiodwhichhadaggravatedthesurplus．Sincetherefor

2、mandopen-doorpolicyin1978，Chinahasadoptedainvolutionaryreformprocessandbeenundergoingagradualtransitionfromaplannedeconomytoamarketoneinordertoenhancethedevelopmentofthenewproductiveforcebybreakingthroughandmodifyingtheoldsystem．Furthermore，overthepast20year

3、s，China’seconomyhasbeenconstantlyincreasingataverysteadyandhighyspeed，whichstimulatestheneedforlabors．TheuniquefactorsdeterminethatChinadiffersfromotherdevelopingcountries，bothsociallyandeeonomciallyandthedevelopingChinaprovidesaninvitingresearchsampleforrur

4、al-urbanmigration．Thisdissertationwilltacklewiththefollowingaspects．Firstly,thisdissertationintroducesthebackgroundandpoliciesmadebythegovernmentafterthenewChina’sfoundationwhichrestrictedthemralpeopletomoveintothecities．Theresearchhasfoundthatthelong—termem

5、ploymentpressureandinsufficientoffoodsupplyinthecitieswerethedirectreasonsthatthegovernmentdiscouragedthemigrationfromthecountrysidetothecity,andthepriorityofthedevelopmentofheavyindustryandtheextremistpolicytogetridofprivateeconomywerethefundamentaldrivefor

6、thesaidpolicy．Secondly,thisdissertationanalyzestheinvolutionprocessofallkindsoffactorsrestrictingtherural—urbanmigrationafterthereformandopen-doorpolicyexecution．Thereformoftheruraleconomicsystemreleasedtheruralproductivityforce，andgreatlyenrichedthesupplyof

7、theagriculturalproducts，andultimatelydeprivesthefoodquotasystemofitseconomicfoundation．Andinthemeantime，thereformoftheurbaneconomicsystempromotedavariatyofeconomicfactors，andcreatedmanyjobopportunitiesfortheurbanresidents．Whatismore，theopenoftheurbanandrural

8、marketsspeededupthefreeflowoftherural-urbanelementalresources．Thesefactorsaltogetherweakensthesystematicobstaclesoftherural·urbanmigration，andthereforeprovokestheevolutionoftherelatedpoiiciesand