AppliedGeomorphologyLectureNotes应用地貌学课程讲稿

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1、AppliedGeomorphologyLectureNotesByDavidT.AllisonTopographicMapsScale(RelationalFraction;Graphical)Elevationcontours(RelativetoM.S.L)Boundary(Latitude&Longitude)Color(Waterbodies,Woodlands,etc.)CulturalFeatures(man-madefeatures)ScaleRelationalfraction1:24

2、,0001inchonthemap=24,000inchesinreality1inchonthemap=24,000inchesx1foot/12inches1inchonthemap=2000feet1inchonthemap=2000feetx1mile/5280ft1inch=0.378milesGraphicalScaleUsesagraphicalscaletoindicatedistancesElevationContoursContourlines(brown)Basedona

3、erialphotographsanalyzedstereographicallyMustagreewithbenchmarksandspotelevationsContourinterval:elevationchangebetweenadjacentcontoursHachuredcontoursindicatecloseddepressionsConstructionofTopographicContoursContoursofanyparameteruseasimpleproportiona

4、lityruleContoursshould“V”intheupstreamdirectionacrossvalleys.flow8780xx8077xxTopographiccontoursin3DTopographiccontoursin3Dcont.Contours:candelineategeologicalcontactsTopographicMapBoundary10330’10322’30’’3215’3215’Alwaysconsistoflinesoflatitudeandlongitu

5、de7.5’TopographicQuadrangleborderContaintick(1:24,000)marksofUTMandSPCSontheborder327’30’’327’30’’10330’10322’30’’TopographicMapColorsBrown:topographiccontoursGreen:Forestand/orwetlandsWhite:clearedareas(i.e.pastures,etc.)Black:Culturalfeatures(buildings,

6、roads)Red:Landofficegridsystem(Township&Rangesystem);MajorroadsystemsMagenta:Photo-revisedareasBlue:waterbodiesTopographicMapExamplesMapCoordinateSystemsLandOfficeGridsystem(Township&Range)UniversalTransverseMercator(UTM)StatePlaneCoordinateSystem(SPCS)La

7、ndOfficeGridSystem6milesR2WR1WR1ER2ET2N61712T1N1813T1S19243025T2S3136StateCapital36squaremilesNWNELegaldescriptionoflocation:SENE¼,SW¼,section22,T2S,R2ETargetlocationLandOfficeGridExample:Benchmark212:NW¼,NE¼,sec.36,T3S,R3W