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1、Topic14.RetrofitandoptimaloperationofthebuildingenergysystemsPerformancesofLowTemperatureRadiantHeatingSystems1*,1112MiloradBojićDraganCvetković,JasminaSkerlić,DanijelaNikolić,HarryBoyer1FacultyofEngineering,UniversityofKragujevac,Serbia2DepartmentPIMENTLab.,UniversityofRéunionIsland,France*Correspo
2、ndingemail:bojic@kg.ac.rsKeywords:Lowtemperatureheating,wallheating,floorheating,ceilingheating,EnergyPlusSUMMARYLowtemperatureheatingpanelsystemsofferdistinctiveadvantagesintermsofthermalcomfortandenergyconsumption,allowingworkwithlowexergysources.Thepurposeofthispaperistocomparefloor,wall,ceiling,
3、andfloor-ceilingpanelheatingsystemsintermsofenergy,exergyandCO2emissions.Simulationresultsforeachoftheanalyzedpanelsystemaregivenbyitsenergy(theconsumptionofgasforheating,electricityforpumpsandprimaryenergy)andexergyconsumption,thepriceofheating,anditscarbondioxideemission.Then,thevaluesoftheairtemp
4、eraturesofroomsareinvestigatedandthatofthesurroundingwallsandfloors.Itisfoundthatthefloor-ceilingheatingsystemhasthelowestenergy,exergy,CO2emissions,operatingcosts,andusesboilerofthelowestpower.Theworstsystembyalltheseparametersistheclassicalceilingheating.INTRODUCTIONInEuropetoday,low-temperaturepa
5、nelheatingandcoolingsystemsforresidentialbuildingsareincreasinglyused.Accordingtosomestudies,thisfigureexceeds50%(Kilkisetal.1994).Accordingtosomestudies,energysavingbypanelsystemsismorethan30%thanthatbytheordinaryheatingsystems(Stetiu1999;Yostetal.1995).Thelowtemperatureradiantsystemsareverycomplex
6、becausetheyinvolvedifferentmechanismsofheattransfer:heatconductionthroughthewalls,heatconvectionbetweentheheatingpanelandtheindoorair,heatradiationbetweentheheatingpanelandthesurroundingareas,andtheheatconductionbetweenthefloorandtheground.Themainessenceofthelow-temperatureairsystemsistoprovideadequ
7、atethermalcomfortatsignificantlylowertemperatures.Alargenumberofstudiesisdevotedtolaboratorytestsofpanelsystemsintermsofheattransferresearchanddevelopmentofnewcalculationmethods.However,intermsofheatt
