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1、伞形科Apiaceae1-FloralformulaHereisthefloralformulafortheApiaceaeorUmbelliferae.Theflowersmaybeperfect,butmoreoftentheyareimperfect,andtheplantsarethenmonoecious,dioecious,orpolygamous.ThesepalsareverytinyintheApiaceae,thepetalsareoftencurved,the5stamenswithinaflowerunfoldatdifferenttimes,t
2、hestylebasesenlargetoformthestylopodiumthatsecretesnectar,andtheovaryisinferior.2-IntroductionThisfamilyiscorrectlycalledeithertheApiaceaeortheolderUmbelliferae.Inthemoderncontext,thefamilyincludesagroupofplantsformerlyseparatedastheAraliaceae.Dr.StephenDowniehasdoneconsiderableresearcho
3、nthesystematicsofthisfamilyusingmolecularmethods.MembersoftheApiaceaeoccurworldwide.Thereareabout460generaand4,250species.Mostplantsofthisfamilythatoccurintemperateregionsareherbaceous,whilethoseinthetropicsareshrubsandtrees.3-BiennialplantsManymembersoftheApiaceaeintemperateregionsarehe
4、rbaceousplants—annuals,biennials,andperennials.Manyspeciesarebiennials,likecarrots,thatproduceleavesandanundergroundrootthefirstyear,thenflower,setseed,anddieduringthesecondyear4-HollowstemsMostmembersoftheApiaceaehavehollowstems.Thestemsalsohaveoiltubesthatcontainfragrantessentialoils.T
5、hisisAnethumgraveolens,dill.5-LeavesManymembersoftheApiaceaehavepinnatelycompoundleavesandsheathingleafbases.Theleaves,aswellasthestems,alsohaveoiltubesthatcontainfragrantessentialoils.ThisexampleisAnethumgraveolens,dill.6-DaucuscarotaAcommonplantalongroadsidesinIllinoisisQueenAnne'sLace
6、,Daucuscarota.Thisisthesamespeciesasthecultivatedcarrot.Thisspeciesisabiennial,andthesearesecondyearplantsthatareproducingflowers7-UmbelinflorescenceThebasicinflorescencetypeintheApiaceaeisanumbel.InDaucuscarota,itisacompoundumbel.Notethebractsbelowtheinflorescence.8-FlowersThisisasimple
7、umbelinwildparsnip,Pastinacasativa.Notethelargestylopodium,whichisanenlargedstylebasethatsecretesnectar.9-DevelopingfruitsTheovaryisinferior,andthisphotoshowstheovariesdevelopingintofruitsinwildparsnip,Pastinacasativa.10-SchizocarpsThefruitoftheApiaceaeisasmallschizocarpt
