中南大学 生物化学 考研课件 ch14 酶动力学 enzyme kinetics

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1、BiochemistryForSpecialityofBiotechnologyorBioengineeringatCSUMr.XIAJinlanChapter14EnzymekineticsIntroductiontoenzymes酶（学）导论Factorsaffectingenzymeactivity影响酶活性的因素EnzymeassaysEnzymekineticsandinhibition酶动力学和抑制作用Introductiontoenzymes酶（学）导论Thefeaturesofenzymes酶的特征Someter

2、msofenzyme酶的几种术语Classesofenzymes酶的种类EnzymeNomenclature酶的命名法Traditionalnomenclature传统命名法Systematicnomenclature系统命名法Expressionofenzymeactivity酶活性的表示Componentsofenzyme酶的成分Cofactors辅助因子PowerfulCatalyticpower强的催化力Increasereactionrateupto1016foldMakereactiontakenplaceunder

3、relativelymildconditionsoftemperatureandpHHighspecificity高的特异性TothesubstratesthattheyactonandtheproductstheyformEnzymeactivitycanberegulated酶活性可以被调控Basicallyareproteins,exceptfewribozymes除了少量的核酶外,基本上是蛋白质Enzymeshavefourbasicfeatures酶的四个基本特征Sometermsofenzymes酶的几种术语Prot

4、eoenzyme蛋白酶Ribozyme核酶Abzyme抗体酶Holoenzyme全酶Apoenzyme脱辅酶Multimericenzyme多聚合体酶(多亚基酶)Enzymesareclassifiedintosixclassesbasedonthetypeofreactioncatalyzed基于催化反应的类型,酶可分为六种类型Oxidoreductases氧化还原酶Transferofelectrons电子的转移Transferases转化(或转移)酶Transferoffunctionalgroups分子间功能基团的转移H

5、ydrolases水解酶Hydrolysisreactions水解反应Lyases裂解酶CleavageofC-C,C-O,C-Netc.,oftenformingadoublebondC-C,C-O,C-N键的裂解,并通常形成双键的反应Isomerases异构酶Transferofgroupswithinamolecule分子内基团的转移Ligases(orsynthases)链接酶(或合成酶)BondformationcoupledtoATPhydrolysis伴随ATP水解的键合Enzymesareclassifiedin

6、tosixclassesbasedonthetypeofreactioncatalyzedNameTypeofreactioncatalyzedExampleOxido-reductasesTransferofelectronsA-+BA+B-AlcoholdehydrogenaseTransfer-asesTransferoffunctionalgroupsA-B+CA+B-CHexokinaseHydrolasesHydrolysisreactionsA-B+H2OA-H+B-OHTrypsinLyasesCleava

7、geofC-C,C-O,C-Netc.,oftenformingadoublebondPyruvatedecarboxylaseIsomerasesTransferofgroupswithinamoleculeMaleateisomaseLigases(orsynthases)BondformationcoupledtoATPhydrolysisPyruvatecarboxylaseA+BA-BX-A-B-YY-A-B-XX-A-B-YA=B+Y-XTraditionalNomenclatureofenzymesSyste

8、maticnomenclature:Eachenzymeisuniquelyidentifiedbyafour-digitclassificationnumberEnzymecommission(EC)number:Four-digitclassificatio