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1、Updated:June3,2010AppliesTo:WindowsServer2003,WindowsServer2003R2,WindowsServer2003withSP1,WindowsServer2003withSP2,WindowsServer2008,WindowsServer2008R2Inthissection·GlobalCatalogArchitecture·GlobalCatalogProtocols·GlobalCatalogInterfaces·GlobalCatalogPhysicalStructure·Gl
2、obalCatalogProcessesandInteractions·NetworkPortsUsedbytheGlobalCatalog·RelatedInformationInamultidomainActiveDirectory®DomainServices(AD DS)forest,theglobalcatalogprovidesacentralrepositoryofdomaininformationfortheforestbystoringpartialreplicasofalldomaindirectorypartition
3、s.Thesepartialreplicasaredistributedbymultimasterreplicationtoallglobalcatalogserversinaforest.NoteInWindows Server® 2003andMicrosoftWindows® 2000 Server,thedirectoryserviceisnamedActive Directory.InWindowsServer 2008 R2andWindowsServer 2008and,thedirectoryserviceisnamedAc
4、tive DirectoryDomainServices.TherestofthistopicreferstoAD DS,buttheinformationisalsoapplicabletoActive Directory.Theglobalcatalogmakesthedirectorystructurewithinaforesttransparenttouserswhoperformasearch.Forexample,ifyousearchforallprintersinaforest,aglobalcatalogserverpro
5、cessesthequeryintheglobalcatalogandthenreturnstheresults.Withoutaglobalcatalogserver,thisquerywouldrequireasearchofeverydomainintheforest.Duringaninteractivedomainlogon,thedomaincontrollerauthenticatestheuserbyverifyingtheuser’sidentity,andalsoprovidesauthorizationdatafort
6、heuser’saccesstokenbydeterminingallgroupsofwhichtheuserisamember.Becausetheglobalcatalogistheforestwidelocationofthemembershipofalluniversalgroups,accesstoaglobalcatalogserverisarequirementforauthenticationinamultidomainforest.Assuch,anidealdistributionoftheglobalcatalogis
7、tohaveatleastoneglobalcatalogserverineachAD DSsite.Whenaglobalcatalogserverisavailableinasite,theauthenticatingdomaincontrollerisnotrequiredtocommunicateacrossaWANlinktoretrieveglobalcataloginformation.Inbranchofficescenarios,itisoftennotfeasibletodeployaglobalcatalogserve
8、rineverybranchsite.Atthesametime,itisnotcosteffectivetocontactaglobalcatalogserveroveraWA
