高三语法总复习分词

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1、高三语法总复习分词分词要点分词的形式现在分词与过去分词的区别分词的句法功能:表语、补语、定语、状语分词的形式形式主动被动一般式完成式现在分词doingBeingdoneDoing/beingdoneHavingdone/havingbeingdone过去分词donedone否定形式NotdoingNotbeingdone/notdoneNotdoingNothavingdone/nothavingbeendone现在分词和过去分词的区别现在分词：主动进行Thenewsisexciting.TheboycomingwithusisLiHua.Isawhimtalking

2、withaforeigner.Beingtired,theboysoonfellasleep.过去分词：被动完成I’mexcitedatthenews.TheboyintroducedtousisLiHua.I’veneverheardthesongsungbefore.Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooleducation.现在分词和过去分词的区别Thebookwrittenbyhimisgood.Thebookbeingwrittenbyhimisgood.Thebooktobewrittenbyhimissu

3、retobegood.（区分标志：by；分词后有无作宾语的名词）Theboywritingabookisgood.Theboyhavingwrittenmanybooksisgood.Beingquestionedbyapoliceofficeratthemoment,hecouldnotcometoattendtoyou.Questionedbyapoliceofficerifhewastherealownerofthecar,hefeltquitedepressed.一、分词的句法功能分词可以在句中作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。二、分词作表语的情况现在分词作表语

4、常表示主语的性质或所具有的特征，含有“令人……”的意思；过去分词常表示被动或主语所处的状态，含有“感到……”的意思。分词作表语的情况Thebookisratherboring.Thedaywassocharming!Itfeelsrefreshingtotakeabathafterwork.Thedoorremainedlocked.Helookedquitedisappointed.Heisnotinterestedinresearchwork.分词作表语的情况Exciteinterestpleasetiredisappointsurprisemoveencoura

5、gefrightenpuzzlediscourage三、分词作定语的情况现在分词作定语现在分词作定语表示正在发生的动作或经常性的动作，而且是主动的。Thesleepingchildismyniece.Whenwegottotheburningbuilding,itwastoolate.Theylivedinahousefacingthesouth.三、分词作定语的情况过去分词作定语过去分词作定语表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作或没有一定时间性的动作，通常是被动的。Ihavehiswrittenpromise.Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory

6、.Heisamanlovedbyall.三、分词作定语的情况3.分词作定语的位置单个的分词作定语时，一般放在所修饰词的前面；如果是分词短语，则放在所修饰词的后面。Itisthemostexcitingnews.Wemetagroupofchildrenreturningfromschool.Thereappearedawomandressedingreen.三、分词作定语的情况4.注意：①adeveloping/developedcountryfallen/fallingleavesboiling/boiledwater②thebooklyingonthetable③

7、thestoryhappenedyesterdayisterrible.(that)④theschoolbuilt(beingbuilt,tobebuilt)⑤apuzzlingquestion/puzzledmotherthesurprisedvoice/expression/look⑥amanseatedthere/agirldressedinred四、分词作状语的情况现在分词作状语通常表示主语的另一个动作，与句子主语之间是主动关系，通常表示一个与谓语动词同时或几乎同时发生的动作。可以作伴随、时间、原因或结果状语。2.过去分词作状语常表示动作发生