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1、ToappearinHandbookofNaturalLanguageProcessing,SecondEdition,(editors:N.IndurkhyaandF.J.Damerau),2010SentimentAnalysisandSubjectivityBingLiuDepartmentofComputerScienceUniversityofIllinoisatChicagoliub@cs.uic.eduTextualinformationintheworldcanbebroadly
2、categorizedintotwomaintypes:factsandopinions.Factsareobjectiveexpressionsaboutentities,eventsandtheirproperties.Opinionsareusuallysubjectiveexpressionsthatdescribepeople’ssentiments,appraisalsorfeelingstowardentities,eventsandtheirproperties.Theconce
3、ptofopinionisverybroad.Inthischapter,weonlyfocusonopinionexpressionsthatconveypeople’spositiveornegativesentiments.Muchoftheexistingresearchontextualinformationprocessinghasbeenfocusedonminingandretrievaloffactualinformation,e.g.,informationretrieval
4、,Websearch,textclassification,textclusteringandmanyothertextminingandnaturallanguageprocessingtasks.Littleworkhadbeendoneontheprocessingofopinionsuntilonlyrecently.Yet,opinionsaresoimportantthatwheneverweneedtomakeadecisionwewanttohearothers’opinions
5、.Thisisnotonlytrueforindividualsbutalsotruefororganizations.OneofthemainreasonsforthelackofstudyonopinionsisthefactthattherewaslittleopinionatedtextavailablebeforetheWorldWideWeb.BeforetheWeb,whenanindividualneededtomakeadecision,he/shetypicallyasked
6、foropinionsfromfriendsandfamilies.Whenanorganizationwantedtofindtheopinionsorsentimentsofthegeneralpublicaboutitsproductsandservices,itconductedopinionpolls,surveys,andfocusgroups.However,withtheWeb,especiallywiththeexplosivegrowthoftheuser-generated
7、contentontheWebinthepastfewyears,theworldhasbeentransformed.TheWebhasdramaticallychangedthewaythatpeopleexpresstheirviewsandopinions.TheycannowpostreviewsofproductsatmerchantsitesandexpresstheirviewsonalmostanythinginInternetforums,discussiongroups,a
8、ndblogs,whicharecollectivelycalledtheuser-generatedcontent.Thisonlineword-of-mouthbehaviorrepresentsnewandmeasurablesourcesofinformationwithmanypracticalapplications.Nowifonewantstobuyaproduct,he/sheisnolongerlimitedtoaskinghis/herfriendsandfamiliesb
