起重工基础知识

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1、目录§1基础知识§1.1面积计算§1.2体积计算§1.3重量计算§1.4英制单位换算§1.5工字钢承重§1.6千斤绳的应力计算§2起重工的基本操作方法§2.1“五步”工作法§2.2“十”字操作法§2.3常用绳扣系结法和绳索的插接法§2.4起重作业安全注意事项§3起重索具、工具和地锚§3.1麻绳§3.2钢丝绳§3.3钢丝绳卡§3.4卡环§3.5地锚张庆旭于2000.6第二次重校§1基础知识钢7.85普通玻璃2.56不锈钢7.78水(4℃)1.0耐火砖2.2海水1.03生石灰1.1砂土1.5§1.1面积计算石灰沙浆1.7卵石1.6~1.8方形：长×宽水泥1.1~1.3花岗岩2.5~2.7水泥沙浆1

2、.8石灰岩1~2.4圆形：直径×直径×3.14÷４素砼2.3~2.4砂岩2.2~2.5§1.2体积计算钢筋柱2.5~2.7碎石子1.4~1.5黄铜8.55普通转1.6~1.8方体：长×宽×高铝2.64硫酸1.84锌7.05氢气0.00009柱体：（直径×直径×3.14÷4）×高铅11.35氧气0.00143§1.3重量计算水银13.6空气0.00129金19.3保温蛭石0.6重量：体积×密度常用材料密度（吨/立方米）§1.4英制单位换算名称密度名称密度红松0.44黏土1.61英尺=12英寸杉木0.387无烟煤0.8~1.01寸=8分樟木0.58煤油0.7~0.8铸铁7.25柴油0.85=25.

3、4mm熟铁7.7汽油0.6~0.71分=3.175mm张庆旭于2000.6第二次重校张庆旭于2000.6第二次重校§1.5工字钢承重PLLP工字钢简支梁工字钢悬臂梁工字钢简支梁的允许荷重（吨）型支点间距L（米）工字钢悬臂梁允许荷重（吨）号23456789型悬臂长度L（米）142.91.91.41.10.950.82号0.511.522.533.54163.92.62.01.61.31.1142.91.40.950.710.57185.23.52.62.11.71.51.31.2164.02.01.40.980.780.650.5620a6.64.43.32.72.21.91.71.5185.2

4、2.61.71.31.00.860.740.6422a8.75.84.53.52.92.52.21.920a6.63.32.21.71.31.10.940.8225a11.37.55.64.53.83.22.82.522a8.74.32.92.21.71.41.21.128a14.29.57.15.74.74.13.63.225a11.35.63.82.82.31.91.61.432a19.312.99.77.86.55.54.84.328a14.27.14.73.62.82.42.01.832c21.214.210.68.57.16.15.34.732a19.49.76.54.83.93.2

5、2.82.436a24.516.312.39.88.27.06.15.432c21.310.67.15.34.33.53.02.736c26.917.913.510.88.97.76.75.936a24.512.28.26.14.94.13.53.140a30.520.315.212.210.28.77.66.836c26.913.59.06.75.44.53.83.440c33.322.216.613.311.19.58.37.440a30.515.310.27.66.15.14.43.845a40.026.720.016.013.311.410.08.940c33.316.611.18.3

6、6.65.64.84.245c43.929.321.917.614.612.610.99.845a40.020.013.310.08.06.75.75.050a52.034.726.020.817.314.813.011.545c43.921.914.610.98.87.36.35.550c58.238.829.123.319.416.614.612.250a52.026.017.413.010.48.77.46.52注：工字钢材料为A3，允许应力为1400kg/cm50c58.229.119.414.611.69.78.37.3张庆旭于2000.6第二次重校张庆旭于2000.6第二次重校§1

7、.6千斤绳的应力计算60°。在起吊重物时，吊装千斤绳与吊钩垂直隋α角变化K1可取下列各值线间的夹角α越大，千斤绳受力越大。如图，四α0°15°20°25°30°K11.01.041.061.11.15点绑扎和两点绑扎的夹角α，注意α角是千斤绳α40°45°50°55°60°K11.221.411.561.752.0与吊钩垂直线间夹角。**此应力计算的前提是：所有的千斤绳受力均每根千斤绳所受力：匀，