【商务英语】企业产权形式(Forms of Business Ownership-精简版)

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1、1.SoleProprietorships（个人企业即独资经营企业）Anorganizationthatisowned,andusuallymanaged,byoneperson.Advantages:1.asoleproprietorishisownboss;2.Theeasiestformtostartbusiness;Disadvantages:1.Lackofenoughcapital2.Unlimitedliability(无限责任)3.Longworkinghours4.Lackofthefringebenefits(附加福利)(Unlimitedliability无限责任：if

2、thebusinessowesmoney,thebusinessownerisresponsibleforthedebts,andtheownermayhavetousepersonalassetstopay.Soleproprietorsareliableforallthedebtsofthebusiness.)(Limitedliability有限责任：aperson’sfinancialliabilityislimitedtoafixedsum,mostcommonlythevalueofaperson’sinvestmentinacompany.)(fringebenefit附加福利

3、:anincidentalbenefitawardedforcertaintypesofemployment(especiallyifitisregardedasaright)suchashealthinsurance,disabilityinsurance,sickleave,vacationpay,etc.)2.Partnerships(合伙企业)Alegalrelationshipbetweenpersonscarryingonaprofit-motivatedbusiness.3keyelements：1)Commonownership,2)Sharedprofitsandlosse

4、s,共同收益共担风险3)Therighttoparticipateinmanaging.2typesofpartnerships：1)Generalpartnership(普通合伙)2)Limitedpartnership(有限合伙)(Thegeneralpartnersarrange&runthebusiness,whilethelimitedpartnersareinvestorsonly)Advantages:1.Combiningpeoplewithdifferentskillsandresourcestogether;2.Moremoneyandcredittopaytherent

5、,utilities,andotherbillsincurredbyabusiness.(E.g.husband-and-wifeteamsmanagingrestaurants,serviceshops)Disadvantages:1.Unlimitedliability2.Divisionofprofits3.Disagreementamongpartners4.difficulttoterminatethebusiness3.Jointventures(合资企业)Thepoolingofresourcesandexpertisebytwoormorebusinesses,typical

6、lyfromdifferentareasorcountriestoachieveaparticulargoal.（2或2个以上属于不同国家地区的公司为了达成一个特别的目的）Advantages：Businessexpansion,developmentofnewproducts,accesstonewmarketsanddistributionnetworks.Disadvantages：1：Imbalanceinlevelsofexpertise（专门技术、专家意见）,investmentorassetsbroughtintotheventurebydifferentpartners.（技

7、术、投资、财产收益不均衡）2：Differentculturesandmanagementstylesresultinpoorintegration（综合、结合）andcooperation.（不同文化、管理方式导致合作出现磨合）4.Corporations（公司）Alegalentity(法人实体),allowedbylegislation(公司法),whichpermits（允许、准许）agroupofp