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1、ErnestHemingway厄内斯特海明威（1899-1961）ErnestHemingwaywasanovelistandshortstorywriterwhobecameoneofthebest-knownAmericanauthorsofthe20thcentury.Hislean,economicalstylehasbeenwidelycopiedbyotherwriters,andhisstoriesofcourageinthefaceoftragedyarere-readbyeachgeneration.HisLifeHemingway
2、wasborninawell-to-dosuburbofChicago.Hisfatherwasadoctorwholiketohuntandfishinhissparetime.Hismotherwasanartist.YoungHemingwaywasanoutstandingstudentathighschool,andhealreadywrotesomeshortstoriesatthatage,inwhichherebelledagainsttheprudery15（过分拘谨，假正经thisisnotimeforprudery.）andco
3、nformityofhisrespectableparents.Insteadofattendinguniversity,Hemingwayworkedbrieflyasajournalist,buthereallywantedtotakepartintheFirstWorldWar.WhentheU.S.Armyrejectedhimbecauseofonebadeye(badvision),hevolunteeredfirstasanambulancedriverinFrance,andthenasasoldierintheItalianinfa
4、ntry.Hewasbadlywoundedattheageofeighteen.WhenhelayinanItalianhospital,hefellinlovewithaRedCrossnurse,butsherefusedhisproposalofmarriage.HereturnedtoChicagotocompletehisrecovery,andtherehemetandmarriedhisfirstwife.Assoonashewaswell,theysailedtoFrance,whereHemingwayworkedinParisa
5、sa15correspondentforaCanadiannewspaper,andasanassistantforanAmericanliterarymagazine.Buthismainpurposewastowritehisownstories.HebecameaclosefriendofGertrudeStainandEzraPound,whohelpedhimtodevelophischaracteristicstyle;SherwoodAndersonalsohelpedhimatthestart.Hereadsystematically
6、inthegreatworksofRussian,FrenchandAmericanliterature,andheassociatedwithotheryoungexpatiatewritersinGertrudeStein’scircle,likeF.ScottFitzgeraldandE.E.Cummings.Hiswifeboreason,buttheyweredivorcedsoonafterwards,andHemingwaymarriedagain.DuringhisyearsinParis,Hemingwaybecameamaster
7、ofshortfiction.In1926,hisfull-lengthnovel,TheSunAlsoRises,metwithgreat15success.Asecondnovel,AFarewelltoArms,firmlyestablishedhisreputationin1929.Hemingway’sownadventurouslifeprovidedmuchrawmaterialforhisstronglymasculinestories.Duringthe1930’shewrotelessbecausealargepartofhist
8、imewasspentindeep-seefishingnearCuba,whereheeventually
