Applied Statistical Genetics with R-back-matter

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1、AppendixRBasicsThepurposeofthisappendixistointroducethefundamentalconceptsofprogramminginRthatwillprovidesucient uencyforthereadertounder-standtheexamplespresentedthroughoutthistext.Specically,weoeranoverviewofimportingandmanipulatingdata,installingandusingRpackages,andwritingand

2、applyingbasicfunctions.ThenovicereaderisencouragedtorefertoanumberofcomprehensivetextsforamorethoroughintroductiontoworkingandprogramminginR.SeeforexampleGentleman(2008),VenablesandSmith(2008),Spector(2008)andDalgaard(2002).A.1GettingstartedRisafree,open-sourcestatisticalcomputingla

3、nguageandenvironmentavail-ableforWindows,MacOSX,LinuxandUnixandlicensedunderthetermsoftheGNU(GNUisNotUnix)GeneralPublicLicense(FreeSoftwareFounda-tion,2007).RisavailableontheComprehensiveRArchiveNetwork(CRAN)website(http://cran.r-project.org/),andinstallationisstraightforward.Wereco

4、mmenddownloadingtheprecompiledbinarydistributionthatissuitabletoyouroperatingsystemandthenfollowingthecorrespondinginstructions.JavaGUIforR(JGR

5、pronouncedjaguar")isagraphicaluserin-terface(GUI)thatisalsofreelyavailablefordownload.ItisdistributedinbinaryformforWindowsandMacOSX10.4.4

6、(andabove)usersathttp://jgr.markushelbig.org/Download.htmlandcanbecompiledfromsourcecodeforotherplatforms.JGRisnotnecessarytogetstartedwithusingRbutmaybepreferabletousersmorefamiliarwithWindows-basedapplications.JGRhastheprimaryadvantageoverotheravailableGUIsofbeingplatformindepende

7、nt.MoreinformationonthefeaturesanduniqueattributesofJGRcanbefoundinHelbigetal.(2005).213214AppendixRBasicsCommandlineUponopeningR(orJGR),youwillseeanRconsolethatliststheversionnumberandotherpertinentinformation,includingthecurrentworkingdirec-tory,asshownbelow:Rversion2.7.1(2008-06-

8、23)Copyright(C)2008TheRFoundationforStatisticalComputingISBN3-900051-07-0RisfreesoftwareandcomeswithABSOLUTELYNOWARRANTY.Youarewelcometoredistributeitundercertainconditions.Type'license()'or'licence()'fordistributiondetails.NaturallanguagesupportbutrunninginanEnglishlocaleRisacollab

9、orativeprojectwithm